基于GNSS的前向散射雷达网目标穿越特性研究

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.08.08

系统工程与电子技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (8): 2600-2614.doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.08.08

• 传感器与信号处理 • 上一篇

基于GNSS的前向散射雷达网目标穿越特性研究

郑雨晴, 艾小锋, 徐志明, 赵锋, 肖顺平, 杨勇

国防科技大学电子信息系统复杂电磁环境效应国家重点实验室, 湖南长沙 410073

收稿日期:2022-07-12 出版日期:2024-07-25 发布日期:2024-08-07
通讯作者: 艾小锋
作者简介:郑雨晴 (1998—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为双/多基地雷达目标探测与定位
艾小锋 (1983—), 男, 副研究员, 博士, 主要研究方向为双/多基地雷达、雷达电子战建模与仿真
徐志明 (1995—), 男, 博士研究生, 主要研究方向为双基地雷达目标特性与特征提取
赵锋 (1978—), 男, 副教授, 博士, 主要研究方向为电子信息系统仿真建模评估
肖顺平 (1964—), 男, 教授, 博士, 主要研究方向为雷达极化信息处理及应用、电子信息系统仿真建模评估
杨勇 (1985—), 男, 教授, 博士, 主要研究方向为极化雷达目标检测与抗干扰
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(62071475);国家自然科学基金(61890541);国家自然科学基金(61890542)

Research on target crossing characteristics of forward scatter radar net based on GNSS

Yuqing ZHENG, Xiaofeng AI, Zhiming XU, Feng ZHAO, Shunping XIAO, Yong YANG

State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China

Received:2022-07-12 Online:2024-07-25 Published:2024-08-07
Contact: Xiaofeng AI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

前向散射雷达可通过捕获目标穿越基线时引起的信号扰动实现目标检测, 在隐身飞机目标探测方面具有一定潜力, 目标穿越特性的研究对信号检测和参数估计具有重要意义。首先构建了基于全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system, GNSS)的前向散射雷达网模型, 分析了构成前向散射观测的条件和探测范围。然后, 基于前向散射动态信号模型, 提出采用时频域统计特征描述目标穿越基线的信号特性。最后, 通过仿真分析了目标穿越位置和运动参数对散射信号及其统计特征的影响, 揭示了前向散射信号的特征变化规律, 对后续提高穿越事件检测概率和参数估计精度具有参考价值。

关键词: 双基地雷达, 全球导航卫星系统, 信号模型, 前向散射, 统计特性

Abstract:

Forward scatter radar can achieve target detection by capturing the signal disturbance caused by the target's crossing of the baseline. It has certain potential in stealth aircraft's target detection. The study of target crossing characteristics is of great significance to signal detection and parameter estimation. Firstly, the forward scatter radar net model based on global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is constructed. The conditions and range of forward scattering observation are analyzed. Then, time and frequency domain statistical characteristics are proposed to describe the signal characteristics of the target's crossing the baseline based on the forward scattering dynamic signal model. Finally, the influence of target crossing position and motion parameters on the scattering signal and its statistical characteristics is analyzed through simulations. The variation law of the forward scattering signal characteristics is revealed, which provides the reference value for subsequent improvement of detection probability of crossing events and parameter estimation accuracy.

Key words: bistatic radar, global navigation satellite system (GNSS), signal model, forward scatter, statistical characteristics

中图分类号:

TP18

郑雨晴, 艾小锋, 徐志明, 赵锋, 肖顺平, 杨勇. 基于GNSS的前向散射雷达网目标穿越特性研究[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(8): 2600-2614.

Yuqing ZHENG, Xiaofeng AI, Zhiming XU, Feng ZHAO, Shunping XIAO, Yong YANG. Research on target crossing characteristics of forward scatter radar net based on GNSS[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46(8): 2600-2614.

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参考文献 30

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参数	符号	取值	备注
全向辐射功率/dBW	EIRP	30	Beidou等效全向辐射功率
接收天线增益dB	G_R	10	-
载波频率/MHz	f₀	1 268.52	Beidou B3I
目标长度/m	l	20	-
目标宽度/m	h	13	-
接收机带宽/MHz	B	20.46	Beidou B3I信号带宽
等效噪声温度/K	T_eff	344	-
噪声系数/dB	F_n	3	-
系统损耗/dB	L_S	3	-
目标运动方向与基线夹角/rad	θ_t	π/2	-

参数	符号	取值	备注
全向辐射功率/dBW	EIRP	30	Beidou等效全向辐射功率
接收天线增益/dB	G_R	10	-
载波频率/MHz	f₀	1 268.52	Beidou B3I
基线长度/km	R_D	21 528	MEO卫星轨道高度
目标散射相位/rad	φ_σ	3/2π	-
目标长度/m	l	20	-
目标宽度/m	h	13	-
目标穿越点与接收机的距离/m	d_R	8 000	飞机高度
目标运动方向与基线的夹角/rad	θ_t	π/2	-
目标速度/(m/s)	v	250	飞机速度
目标轨迹与基线的最小距离/m	z_P	0	目标穿越(靠近)基线
目标轨迹与基线的最小距离/m	z_P	100	目标距离基线较远
噪声功率/dBW	N₀	-170	-

特征值名称	表达式	物理意义
峰值因子	$\frac{x_p}{x_{\mathrm{rms}}}$	信号波峰明显程度
脉冲因子	$\frac{x_p}{\bar{x}}$	峰值在波形中的极端程度
裕度因子	$\frac{x_p}{\left(\frac{1}{N} \sum\limits_{n=1}^N \sqrt{\left\|x_n\right\|}\right)^2}$	峰值在波形中的极端程度
峭度因子	$\frac{\sum\limits_{n=1}^N\left(x_n-\bar{x}\right)^4}{(N-1) \sigma_x^4}$	波形平缓程度

特征值名称	不含噪声			含噪声
特征值名称	z_P=0 m	z_P=100 m	特征值差异	z_P=0 m	z_P=100 m	特征值差异
峰值因子	7.50	6.46	0.86	8.13	6.99	0.84
脉冲因子	14.18	12.89	0.90	11.07	8.80	0.74
裕度因子	21.86	21.23	0.97	13.62	10.43	0.69
峭度因子	10.59	9.05	0.83	4.86	3.03	0.94

特征值名称	表达式	物理意义
重心频率	$\frac{\int_0^{+\infty} f P(f) \mathrm{d} f}{\int_0^{+\infty} P(f) \mathrm{d} f}$	描述信号在频谱中分量较大的信号频率, 反映功率谱的分布情况
均方频率	$\frac{\int_0^{+\infty} f^2 P(f) \mathrm{d} f}{\int_0^{+\infty} P(f) \mathrm{d} f}$	描述功率谱主频带位置分布
频率方差	$\frac{\int_0^{+\infty}(f-F C)^2 P(f) \mathrm{d} f}{\int_0^{+\infty} P(f) \mathrm{d} f}$	描述功率谱能量分散程度

基于GNSS的前向散射雷达网目标穿越特性研究

Research on target crossing characteristics of forward scatter radar net based on GNSS

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参考文献 30

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特征值名称	目标穿越基线	目标远离基线	特征值差异
重心频率	6.26	55.83	8.92
均方频率	107.35	3 447.97	32.12
频率方差	68.15	330.80	4.85

特征值	z_P=0 m	z_P=30 m		z_P=80 m
特征值	z_P=0 m	计算值	差异值	计算值	差异值
峰值因子	7.49	6.92	0.92	6.54	0.84
脉冲因子	14.18	13.99	0.99	13.25	0.93
裕度因子	21.86	23.01	1.05	21.90	1.01
峭度因子	10.59	10.45	0.99	9.83	0.93
重心频率	6.26	4.36	0.57	4.09	0.47
均方频率	107.35	64.48	0.34	61.44	0.26
频率方差	68.15	45.48	0.50	44.75	0.48

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