无人机系统MTBF和使用可用度的建模与仿真

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.07.22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对无人机系统组成结构复杂、影响其可靠性可用性的维修保障因素较多的问题, 基于设备寿命分布假设, 构建了考虑预防性维修和起飞前故障检查的系统平均故障间隔时间(mean time between failures, MTBF)和使用可用度解析模型。并模拟无人机的维修过程, 采用蒙特卡罗仿真的方法进行MTBF和使用可用度的仿真分析。解析与仿真两种方法的结果具有较好的一致性, 可为无人机确定保障方案提供技术途径。

关键词: 平均故障间隔时间, 使用可用度, 预防性维修, 起飞前检查

Abstract:

Considering the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system has a complex structure, and there are many maintenance support factors that affect its reliability and availability, an analytical model of UAV system's mean time between failures (MTBF) and operational availability considering preventive maintenance and pre-flight fault detection is constructed, basing on the assumption of equipment life distribution. A Monte Carlo simulation is used to simulate the maintenance process of the UAV and to analyse the MTBF and operational availability. The analytical and simulation methods agree well with each other, which shows that the proposed method could provide support for determining the guarantee scheme for UAVs.

Key words: mean time between failures (MTBF), operational availability, preventive maintenance, pre-flight

中图分类号:

TJ07

陈旭, 李岳, 张书锋. 无人机系统MTBF和使用可用度的建模与仿真[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(7): 2401-2412.

Xu CHEN, Yue LI, Shufeng ZHANG. Modeling and simulation of UAV system's MTBF and operational availability[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46(7): 2401-2412.

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序号i	设备名称	故障数量	单机数量	总时间/h	MTBF_S-i/h	寿命类型	寿命参数
1	交流电源	1	1	1 000	1 000	指数分布	λ₀=1.0×10^-3
2	飞行规划系统	2	1	1 000	500	指数分布	λ₀=2.0×10^-3
3	大气数据系统	2	1	1 000	500	指数分布	λ₀=2.0×10^-3
4	天线收发设备	12	1	1 000	84	指数分布	λ₀=1.2×10^-2
5	数据处理设备	1	1	1 000	1 000	指数分布	λ₀=1.0×10^-3
6	信息获取设备	1	1	1 000	1 000	指数分布	λ₀=1.0×10^-3
7	信息对抗设备	3	1	1 000	334	指数分布	λ₀=3.0×10^-3
8	火力打击设备	2	1	1 000	500	指数分布	λ₀=2.0×10^-3
9	直流电源	2	3	3 000	1 500	指数分布	λ₀=6.5×10^-4
10	高度表	11	2	2 000	182	指数分布	λ₀=5.5×10^-3
11	惯性导航子系统	7	3	3 000	429	指数分布	λ₀=2.4×10^-3
12	卫星导航子系统	4	3	3 000	750	指数分布	λ₀=1.4×10^-3
13	光电导航子系统	6	3	3 000	500	指数分布	λ₀=2.0×10^-03
14	机翼	1	1	1 000	1 000	威布尔分布	m=2.5, η₀=1 127
15	起落架	2	1	1 000	500	威布尔分布	m=3, η₀=564
16	螺旋桨	6	1	1 000	167	威布尔分布	m=2, η₀=188
17	滑油子系统	1	1	1 000	1 000	威布尔分布	m=3, η₀=1 127
18	进排气子系统	1	1	1 000	1 000	威布尔分布	m=3, η₀=1 127
19	冷却液子系统	3	1	1 000	334	威布尔分布	m=2.5, η₀=376
20	联轴器	5	1	1 000	200	威布尔分布	m=2.5, η₀=225
21	点火模块	2	1	1 000	500	威布尔分布	m=2, η₀=564
22	发电机	5	1	1 000	200	威布尔分布	m=2, η₀=225
23	舵机	2	1	1 000	500	威布尔分布	m=3, η₀=564
24	天线伺服系统	2	1	1 000	500	威布尔分布	m=2.5, η₀=564
25	陀螺组件	21	3	3 000	143	威布尔分布	m=2.5, η₀=161

严酷度类别	定义
Ⅰ类(灾难性的)	无人机毁坏报废, 导致任务失败
Ⅱ类(致命的)	无人机严重损坏, 导致任务失败
Ⅲ类(中等的)	无人机中等程度损坏, 导致任务延误或降级
Ⅳ类(轻度的)	无人机轻度损坏, 不影响任务执行

序号i	机件名称	p_Ⅱ	p_Ⅲ	p_Ⅳ
1	交流电源	0.2	0	0.8
2	飞行规划系统	0.2	0	0.8
3	大气数据系统	0	0	1
4	天线收发设备	0	0.3	0.7
5	数据处理设备	0	0	1
6	信息获取设备	0	0	1
7	信息对抗设备	0	0	1
8	火力打击设备	0	0	1
9	直流电源(×3)	0	0.2	0.8
10	高度表(×2)	0	0.3	0.7
11	惯性导航子系统(×3)	0.4	0	0.6
12	卫星导航子系统(×3)	0	0.2	0.8
13	光电导航子系统(×3)	0	0.2	0.8
14	机翼	0	0	1
15	起落架	0.6	0	0.4
16	螺旋桨	0	0.3	0.7
17	滑油子系统	0	0.2	0.8
18	进排气子系统	0	0.3	0.7
19	冷却液子系统	0.4	0.1	0.5
20	联轴器	0.4	0	0.6
21	点火模块	0.4	0	0.6
22	发电机	0	0.1	0.9
23	舵机	0	0.3	0.7
24	天线伺服系统	0	0	1
25	陀螺组件(×3)	0	0.2	0.8

组别	W	TBR	MTBF′	A′
1	644	67 666	10.36	0.676 7
2	606	69 764	11.01	0.697 6
3	575	69 993	11.60	0.699 9
4	626	68 537	10.65	0.685 4
5	629	67 715	10.60	0.677 2
6	642	67 895	10.39	0.679 0
7	616	69 044	10.83	0.690 4
8	642	67 141	10.39	0.671 4
9	617	68 578	10.81	0.685 8
10	622	68 263	10.72	0.682 6
$\vdots$
100组数据均值			10.79	0.688 0
100组数据方差			0.31	2.48×10^-4
100组数据预计绝对误差			0.06	1.6×10^-3
解析值			10.61	0.680 7

TW/h	MTBF′	A′
10⁴	11.21	0.691 4
10⁵	10.79	0.685 5
10⁶	10.83	0.686 6
10⁷	10.74	0.683 9
10⁸	10.70	0.684 7