单参考阵元旋转电场矢量法校准相控阵天线

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.05.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对经典的旋转电场矢量法仅适用于校准小规模相控阵天线的不足，提出了一种适用于校准大规模相控阵天线的改进旋转电场矢量法。该方法选取单个阵元作参考通道并依次选取其他阵元作测试通道。通过测量这两种通道的合成电场幅度完成相控阵天线的幅度与相位校准。实测结果表明，该方法得到的校准数据具有较高的精度，可用于补偿大规模相控阵天线且能获得优良的远场方向图。

关键词: 相控阵天线, 校准, 单参考阵元, 旋转电场矢量

Abstract:

The classical rotating element electric-field vector (REV) method is only suitable for calibrating the small size phased array antenna. To solve this problem, an improved REV method for calibrating the large size phased array antenna is proposed. In the method, a single array element in the center of phased array antenna is selected as the reference channel and other single array element is selected as the test channel respectively. By measuring the synthesized electric field amplitude of these two channels, the amplitude and phase calibration of the phased array antenna could be achieved. The actual measurement results show that the calibration data obtained by this method has high accuracy, can be used to compensate for the large size phased array antenna and obtain excellent far-field patterns.

Key words: phased array antenna, calibration, single reference array element, rotating element electric-field vector (REV)

中图分类号:

TN802

张勇芳, 高晶钰, 刘涓. 单参考阵元旋转电场矢量法校准相控阵天线[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(5): 1525-1534.

Yongfang ZHANG, Jingyu GAO, Juan LIU. Single reference element rotating-element electric-field vector method for phased array antenna calibration[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46(5): 1525-1534.

图/表 22

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

图14

图15

图16

图17

图18

图19

图20

表1

表2

参考文献 30

1	NATERA M S , MARTINE Z R , HARO L D . Procedure for measurement characterization and calibration of active antenna arrays[J]. IEEE Trans. on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2013, 62 (2): 377- 391. doi: 10.1109/TIM.2012.2217662
2	SEKER I . Calibration methods for phased array radars[J]. Proc. of the Radar Sensor Technology, 2013, doi: 10.1117/12.20156994
3	LEE J J , EDWARD M R , WOOLLEN P D , et al. Near-field probe used as a diagnostic tool to locate defective elements in an array antenna[J]. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 1988, 36 (6): 884- 889. doi: 10.1109/8.1192
4	PAWLAK H , JACOB F . An external calibration scheme for DBF antenna arrays[J]. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2010, 58 (1): 59- 67. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2009.2036195
5	MIGLIORE M D . A compressed sensing approach for array diagnosis from a small set of near-field measurements[J]. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2011, 59 (6): 2127- 2133. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2011.2144556
6	LIU M G, FENG Z H. Combined rotating-element electric vector (CREV) method for near-field calibration of phased array antenna[C]//Proc. of the International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, 2007.
7	HU C N . A novel method for calibrating deployed active antenna arrays[J]. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2015, 63 (4): 1650- 1657. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2015.2398119
8	HE C , LIANG X L , GENG J P , et al. Parallel calibration method for phased array with harmonic characteristic analysis[J]. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2014, 62 (10): 5029- 5036. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2014.2341700
9	LEE K M , CHU R S , LIU S C . A built-in performance monitoring fault isolation and correction(PM/FIC) system for active phased array antennas[J]. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 1993, 41 (11): 1530- 1540. doi: 10.1109/8.267353
10	HAMPSON G A, SMOLDERS A B. A fast and accurate scheme for calibration of active phased array antennas[C]//Proc. of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1999: 1040-1043.
11	ZHANG F C , GAO H Q , WANG Z P , et al. An improved complex signal-based calibration method for beam-steering phased array[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2021, 20 (11): 2161- 2165. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2021.3106766
12	GEISS J , SIPPEL E , HEHN M , et al. Antenna array calibration using a sparse scene[J]. IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2021, 2, 349- 361. doi: 10.1109/OJAP.2021.3061935
13	WANG K , YI J X , CHENG F , et al. Array errors and antenna element patterns calibration based on uniform circular array[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2021, 20 (6): 1063- 1067. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2021.3071356
14	AOKI Y , HWANG Y G , KIM S , et al. Asynchronous 256-element phased-array calibration for 5G base station[J]. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 2021, 31 (6): 798- 801. doi: 10.1109/LMWC.2021.3058955
15	MATTHEW M . HERNDON, MARK B. Yeary. calibration of the cylindrical polarimetric phased array radar via GPS-disciplined bistatic pattern measurement[J]. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2022, 58 (2): 1299- 1315. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2021.3120972
16	TERVO N , KHAN B , KURSU O , et al. Digital predistortion of phased array transmitter with shared feedback and far-field calibration[J]. IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2021, 69 (1): 1000- 1015. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2020.3038193
17	GAO H Q , WANG W M , WU Y L , et al. Experimental comparison of on-off and all-on calibration modes for beam-steering performance if mmWave phased array antenna-in-package[J]. IEEE Trans. on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2021, 70, 8002509.
18	WANG Z P , ZHANG F C , GAO H Q , et al. Over-the-air array calibration of mmWave phased array in beam-steering mode based on measured complex signals[J]. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2021, 69 (11): 7876- 7888. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2021.3076349
19	ZHANG Y S , WANG Z P , ZHANG F C , et al. Phased array calibration based on measured complex signals in a compact multiprobe setup[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2022, 21 (4): 833- 837. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2022.3149966
20	YONEZAWA R , KONISHI Y , CHIBA I , et al. Beam-shape correction in deployable phased arrays[J]. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 1999, 47 (3): 482- 486. doi: 10.1109/8.768783
21	MANO S , KATAGI T . A method for measuring amplitude and phase of each radiating element of a phased array antenna[J]. Electronics and Communications in Japan, 1982, 65 (5): 555- 560.
22	TAKAHASHI T , KONISHI Y , MAKINO S , et al. Fast measurement technique for phased array calibration[J]. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2008, 56 (7): 1888- 1899. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2008.924682
23	TAKAHASHI T , KONISHI Y , CHIBA I . A novel amplitude-only measurement method to determine element fields in phased arrays[J]. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2012, 60 (7): 3222- 3230. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2012.2196961
24	LONG R , OUYANG J , YANG F , et al. Fast amplitude-only measurement method for phased array calibration[J]. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2017, 65 (4): 1815- 1822. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2016.2629467
25	YOON H J , MIN B . Improved rotating-element electric-field vector method for fast far-field phased array calibration[J]. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2021, 69 (11): 8021- 8026. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2021.3083796
26	HE G L , GAO X , ZHOU H . Fast phased array calibration by power-only measurements twice for each antenna element[J]. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2019, 2019 (2): 6432149.
27	刘明罡, 冯正和. 分组旋转矢量法校正大规模相控阵天线[J]. 电波科学学报, 2007, 22 (3): 380- 384. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0388.2007.03.005
	LIU M G , FENG Z H . Combined rotating-element electric-field vector method for calibration of large-scale phased array antenna[J]. Chinese Journal of Radio Science, 2007, 22 (3): 380- 384. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0388.2007.03.005
28	刘涓, 苏全永, 施政, 等. 相控阵天线微流道液冷优化设计及性能研究[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44 (6): 1781- 1788.
	LIU J , SU Q Y , SHI Z , et al. Optimization design and performance research on microchannel liquid cooling of phased array antenna[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44 (6): 1781- 1788.
29	CHALUMYAN T, MAAS O, BEGAUD X, et al. Active phased antenna arrays calibration method including edge effects and mutual coupling[C]//Proc. of the 11th European Conference on Antenna and Propagation, 2017: 1215-1218.
30	HANSEN R C . Anomalous edge effects in finite arrays[J]. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 1999, 47 (3): 549- 554. doi: 10.1109/8.768791

统计值	位置1幅度	位置2幅度	位置3幅度
均值	-0.5	-0.5	0.2
标准差	0.33	0.31	0.33

统计值	位置1相位	位置2相位	位置3相位
均值	-0.5	-0.5	0.2
标准差	0.33	0.31	0.33

[1]	刘涓, 苏全永, 施政, 薛显谋. 相控阵天线微流道液冷优化设计及性能研究[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(6): 1782-1788.
[2]	李媚, 魏光辉, 赵宏泽, 郑建拥, 杜雪. 导航接收机噪声电磁辐射阻塞效应分析[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(10): 3221-3227.
[3]	王迪, 王雪梅, 何岷, 张金昌, 王兴龙, 宿常鹏. 弹载相控阵天线“最小二乘法——伪Hadamard矩阵”联合校准[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42(2): 271-276.
[4]	汤琦, 蒋军敏. 数模混合自适应功率分配星载多波束移动通信方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2018, 40(11): 2566-.
[5]	李昭, 郑翠娥, 孙大军. 超短基线声传感器安装偏差标定测线规划[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2016, 38(5): 1010-.
[6]	王永攀, 杨江平, 武高卫, 常春贺. 阵面分布不均匀的相控阵天线维修优化模型[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2016, 38(4): 767-772.
[7]	罗巍，郭爱煌，谭维锴. 异构网络下的改进校准方案[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2015, 37(4): 929-935.
[8]	王从思，王伟锋，王伟，康明魁，段宝岩，刘鑫，韩如冰. 基于单元位置误差的有源相控阵天线辐射和散射性能综合分析[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2014, 36(10): 1893-1898.
[9]	王从思，康明魁，王伟，普涛. 结构变形对相控阵天线电性能的影响分析[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2013, 35(8): 1644-1649.
[10]	张峰干，贾维敏，金伟，朱墨. 基于同时扰动的单通道接收阵列天线跟踪方法[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2013, 35(5): 1085-1090.
[11]	罗巍, 郭爱煌, 谭维锴. LTE-A中的SLNR联合校准多用户多流波束赋形方案[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2012, 34(11): 2351-2354.
[12]	宋彦坡，彭小奇，胡志坤. 支持向量回归机元参数优化方法[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2010, 32(10): 2238-2242.