基于MBSE的对流层飞艇运行概念研究

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.03.26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

面向对流层飞艇起降过程复杂、气象适应能力弱等特殊性, 传统基于文本的运行概念分析方法具有设计一致性较差、设计无法有效追溯、验证困难等局限性。基于此, 提出了基于模型的系统工程的对流层飞艇运行概念设计方法。首先, 建立系统用例与利益攸关者需求的关联关系, 保证了设计可追溯性。然后, 基于活动图、时序图与内部块图建立对流层飞艇运行场景模型, 详细梳理了飞艇运行的执行逻辑与外部交互关系。通过执行状态机对飞艇运行概念模型进行验证, 并进一步补充完善利益攸关者需求。最后，通过执行状态机验证了该无人飞艇系统能够满足任务飞行、飞行控制和应急情况响应等利益攸关者的需求。

关键词: 基于模型的系统工程, 对流层飞艇, 运行概念, 需求分析

Abstract:

In the face of the particularity of tropospheric airship complex takeoff and landing process and weak meteorological adaptability, the traditional text-based approach concept of operation (ConOps) analysis has some limitations such as poor design consistency, ineffective design traceability and difficult verification. Based on this, the model-based system engineering (MBSE) method for ConOps of tropospheric airship is proposed. At first, a association relationships between system use cases and stakeholder requirements is established to ensure the traceability of the design. Then, based on the activity diagram, sequence diagram and internal block diagram, the airship operation scene model is established, and the execution logic and external interaction relationship of airship operation are sorted out in detail. The state executing machine model is implemented to verify the model of ConOps and further complement and refine the stakeholder requirements. Finally, the unmanned airship system is validated by executing a state machine to meet the needs of stakeholders such as mission flight, flight control, and emergency response.

Key words: model-based system engineering (MBSE), tropospheric airship, concept of operation, requirement management

中图分类号:

陈志兵, 邬恒, 罗战虎, 王建国. 基于MBSE的对流层飞艇运行概念研究[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(3): 1004-1012.

Zhibing CHEN, Heng WU, Zhanhu LUO, Jianguo WANG. Research on the concept of operation for tropospheric airship based on MBSE[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46(3): 1004-1012.

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利益攸关者	利益攸关者需求
投资方	无人飞艇应能搭载任务载荷
投资方	无人飞艇应能按预定或选定航路飞行
投资方	无人飞艇应能提供飞行参数、系统参数、导航参数、告警等信息显示
投资方	无人飞艇应提供与地面的通讯链路, 保证上行与下行数据实时稳定传输
用户	无人飞艇在贮存、停放和飞行时, 应能承受规定的各种环境条件
用户	无人飞艇应支持快速充放氦气
用户	无人飞艇应能在平整草地、压实硬质平整地面或水泥混凝土地面上起降
运营保障	无人飞艇应支持足够的设备安装和维护空间
运营保障	无人飞艇应能根据任务需求, 在不同区域间转场运输, 且地面站等配套设施可打包运输至预定区域
运营保障	采取机械措施防止安装错误
适航局方	无人飞艇应满足适航条例要求

运营人员	职能介绍
总指挥	负责航路规划、运营和保障调度等, 具有任何条件下的最高决策权
飞艇遥控手	主要负责飞艇起降阶段的遥控飞行
地面控制站	负责无人飞艇、载荷和链路控制
地面组长	负责地面牵引指挥
气象员	负责天气监测与空域申请
飞艇拉绳员	在牵引过程中负责拉牵引绳
吊舱扶舱员	移动无人飞艇和辅助飞艇配重
车辆驾驶员	负责驾驶牵引系留车
系留锁操作员	负责无人飞艇头锥系留
液压操作员	负责操作液压绞车
结构工程师	负责无人飞艇软结构维护和检查
机械工程师	负责无人飞艇硬结构维护和检查
电气工程师	负责无人飞艇电气系统维护和检查
动力工程师	负责无人飞艇动力系统维护和检查
空管	负责空中交通管制
拍摄目标	无人飞艇航拍对象
场外危险源	包括航空器、鸟群、建筑物、高山等在内阻碍飞行的危险源
消防救援	在发生危险事故时, 负责场外救援

阶段	定义
地面锚泊	无人飞艇处于地面约束状态, 进行检查与维护工作
地面牵引	无人飞艇在约束状态下两点间的牵引移动
解系	无人飞艇从系留装置上解开系留
系锁	无人飞艇在非系留状态, 被操控到与系留装置上锁系留
起飞	无人飞艇从起飞点开始到达起飞安全高度
着陆	无人飞艇下滑至着陆安全高度, 至接地停止
起飞爬升	无人飞艇从起飞安全高度爬升至起飞爬升高度, 推力矢量转为0°位置
航路爬升	无人飞艇从起飞爬升高度爬升到巡航高度
任务飞行	无人飞艇从到达巡航高度开始, 直至开始下降之前的过程
任务中断	无人飞艇在任务执行过程中, 出现通讯中断等意外情况时停止任务的过程
下降	无人飞艇从巡航高度下降到进场高度的过程
进近	无人飞艇从到达进场高度开始, 直至下滑到着陆安全高度的过程
起飞中断	无人飞艇在达到安全高度之前, 由于故障、错误操作或外部原因取消起飞的过程
复飞	包括中断着陆和着陆复飞

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