多模式低副瓣阵列方向图综合方法

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.03.13

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文面向阵列天线低副瓣的实际应用需求, 利用空时编码的思路设计加权矢量, 分别提出序贯快速傅里叶变换(fast Fourier transform, FFT)方法、约束方程计算方法和优化函数求解方法, 对应多脉冲低副瓣方向图综合时加权矢量时变、不变和奇偶交替变的3种不同工作模式。理论分析和仿真实验表明, 序贯FFT和约束方程计算方法均能实现超低副瓣方向图(优于-50 dB), 而优化函数求解方法在实现低副瓣的同时仍能保持方向图主瓣的良好性能, 避免了传统方向图综合方法无法同时兼顾主副瓣性能的缺点。另外, 从计算复杂度、随机幅相误差、干扰抑制等各方面综合分析了不同方法的优缺点, 可为实际阵列天线的工程应用提供理论指导和技术参考。

关键词: 低副瓣, 主瓣宽度, 阵列加权矢量, 方向图综合

Abstract:

This paper is aimed at the practical application requirements of low sidelobe array antenna, using the idea of space-time coding to design weighting vector, sequential fast Fourier transform (FFT) method, constraint equation calculation method and optimization function solution method are proposed respectively, corresponding to three different working modes of multi-pulse low sidelobe pattern synthesis, the weighting vector is time-varying, invariant and even odd alternating. Theoretical analysis and simulation experiments show that both sequential FFT and constraint equation calculation methods can realize ultra-low sidelobe pattern (better than -50 dB). The optimization function solution method can achieve low sidelobe while still maintaining the good performance of the mainlobe of the pattern, avoiding the shortcoming that the traditional method cannot take into account the performance of the mainlobe and sidelobe at the same time. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of different methods are comprehensively analyzed from the aspects of computational complexity, random amplitude and phase error, interference suppression, etc. It can provide theoretical guidance and technical reference for the engineering application of practical array antennas.

Key words: low sidelobe, mainlobe width, array weighted vector, pattern synthesis

中图分类号:

TN95

曾桂兰, 蒋彦雯, 范红旗, 冯一伦. 多模式低副瓣阵列方向图综合方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(3): 882-891.

Guilan ZENG, Yanwen JIANG, Hongqi FAN, Yilun FENG. Multimode method for low sidelobe array pattern synthesis[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46(3): 882-891.

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零点状态	PSL/dB	ISLR/dB	副瓣平均电平/dB	主瓣宽度/(°)	运行时长/s
①	-42.1	-22.9	-123.8	6.8	0.65
②	-62.3	-31.6	-115.1	6.9	0.66
③	-51.4	-28.3	-137.1	7.3	0.67

方法指标	无调制	加汉明窗	序贯FFT方法p=100	约束方程计算方法零点②	优化函数求解方法C=9
PSL/dB	-13.2	-41.8	-51.4	-62.3	-44.8
ISLR/dB	0.1	-12.6	-19.7	-31.6	-11.6
副瓣平均电平/dB	-35.0	-52.8	-65.7	-115.1	-52.1
主瓣宽度/(°)	4.5	7.9	7.8	6.9	4.9
运行时长/s	0.01	0.01	1.00	0.65	185

编号	起始频率F₀/Hz	调频斜率v/(Hz/s)	到达角θ_s/(°)	幅值I/V
1	400	1 000	3	0.05
2	800	2 500	5	0.05
3	1 500	-2 000	65	3
4	1 800	-3 000	44	4
噪声	-	-	-	0.5 rms

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