基于非对称幅度插值的二维来波方位估计

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.01.02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

幅度插值方位估计法通过对少数几个波束采样插值得到来波方位, 避免了密集的方位搜索, 在工程中有广泛的应用。目前该方法大多基于一维, 且使用对称函数进行插值, 估计误差较高。本文通过解耦的方式将该方法由一维推广至二维任意阵, 并考虑真实方位谱在偏离0°后左右波束不对称的情况, 利用左右波束斜率比作为求解条件, 使用非对称函数进行幅度插值。进一步, 针对二维非对称插值中出现的角度失配问题, 提出了迭代插值的解决方法。最后仿真分析了插值方法、迭代插值以及信噪比对插值精度的影响，所提出方法的插值精度优于传统对称插值方法；且通过千岛湖实验数据验证，所提方法以10°间隔插值得到的估计精度可以比拟常规波束形成以0.01°进行密集扫描的估计精度。所提方法能够在满足一些工程应用中对实时性要求的同时达到较高的方位估计精度。

关键词: 来波方位估计, 二维非对称插值, 斜率比, 角度失配, 迭代插值

Abstract:

The amplitude interpolation azimuth estimation method can obtain direction of arrival (DOA) by sampling and interpolating a few beams, which avoids intensive DOA search and is widely used in engineering. At present, most of the methods are based on one dimension, and use symmetric function for interpolation, which leads to high estimation error. In this paper, the method is extended from one-dimension to two-dimension arbitrary array by decoupling, and considering the asymmetry of left and right beams when the DOA deviates from 0°, the asymmetric function is used for amplitude interpolation with the solution condition of the slope ratio of left and right beams. Furthermore, in order to solve the problem of angle mismatch in two-dimensional asymmetric interpolation, a method of interative interpolation is proposed. Finally, the effects of the interpolation method, angle mismatch and signal to noise ratio (SNR) on the interpolation accuracy are simulated, the interpolation accuracy of the proposed method is better than that of the traditional symmetric interpolation method. Through the experimental data of Qiandao Lake, the estimation accuracy obtained by the proposed method with 10° interval interpolation can be compared with that obtained by conventional beamforming with 0.01° intensive scanning. The method presented can meet the real-time requirements of some engineering applications and achieve high accuracy of azimuth estimation at the same time.

Key words: direction of arrival (DOA) estimation, two-dimensional asymmetric interpolation, slope ratio, angular mismatch, iterated interpolation

中图分类号:

TN911.23

陈筱月, 马晓川, 李璇. 基于非对称幅度插值的二维来波方位估计[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2023, 46(1): 10-21.

Xiaoyue CHEN, Xiaochuan MA, Xuan LI. Two-dimensional direction of arrival estimation based on asymmetric amplitude interpolation[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 46(1): 10-21.

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插值方法	θ	ϕ
密集波束扫描	-17.85	43.51
对称线性插值	-15.979 6	43.647 4
对称二次插值	-20.257 5	45.423 9
对称高斯插值	-20.262 0	45.423 1
非对称线性插值	-19.889 8	44.009 7
非对称二次插值	-19.941 9	44.600 2
非对称高斯插值	-19.941 1	44.593 9
对称线性插值*	-15.923 2	42.885 1
对称二次插值*	-18.596 7	44.856 7
对称高斯插值*	-18.595 8	44.856 0
非对称线性插值*	-17.622 5	43.058 5
非对称二次插值*	-17.851 4	43.507 3
非对称高斯插值*	-17.850 0	43.505 7

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