航空遥感系统全极化微波散射计系统设计与校飞试验

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2023.11.03

系统工程与电子技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (11): 3382-3390.doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2023.11.03

航空遥感系统全极化微波散射计系统设计与校飞试验

刘淑一¹^,², 贾岩¹^,², 高卓妍¹^,², 张祥坤¹^,²^,*, 董晓龙¹^,², 刘和光¹^,²

1. 中国科学院国家空间科学中心中国科学院微波遥感技术重点实验室, 北京 100190
2. 中国科学院大学电子电气与通信工程学院, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2022-09-01 出版日期:2023-10-25 发布日期:2023-10-31
通讯作者: 张祥坤
作者简介:刘淑一(1997—), 女, 博士研究生, 主要研究方向为宽带信号合成、微波超分辨信息处理
贾岩(1995—), 男, 博士研究生, 主要研究方向为新体制微波技术
高卓妍(1995—), 女, 博士研究生, 主要研究方向为合成孔径雷达成像技术
张祥坤(1972—), 男, 研究员, 博士, 主要研究方向为微波遥感探测与成像理论技术、新体制雷达技术
董晓龙(1969—), 男, 研究员, 博士研究生导师, 博士, 主要研究方向为微波遥感探测与成像理论与方法、先进微波遥感有效载荷、地球与空间微波遥感探测技术
刘和光(1959—), 男, 研究员, 博士研究生导师, 主要研究方向为陆基、航空和航天微波遥感器的系统设计和研制
基金资助:
国家重大科技基础设施建设项目“航空遥感系统”资助课题

Design and flight experiment of fully polarized microwave scatterometer system for aerial remote sensing system

Shuyi LIU¹^,², Yan JIA¹^,², Zhuoyan GAO¹^,², Xiangkun ZHANG¹^,²^,*, Xiaolong DONG¹^,², Heguang LIU¹^,²

1. Key Lab of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2. School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2022-09-01 Online:2023-10-25 Published:2023-10-31
Contact: Xiangkun ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全极化微波散射计是具有散射计和成像两种工作模式的主动式微波遥感设备, 在复杂环境观测及多维信息获取中具有良好应用前景。该文对全极化微波散射计系统的设计方案进行详细介绍, 系统根据两种工作模式的需求设计4 MHz、40 MHz、120 MHz、200 MHz四种带宽, 有效解决成像散射计带宽与后向散射系数测量精度间矛盾。基于匹配滤波的数字中频信号处理方法, 推导了衡量后向散射系数测量精度的归一化标准差, 并针对数字滤波器加窗效应、数据段重叠率与归一化标准差关系进行理论分析以最小化归一化标准差。海洋及陆地校飞试验结果表明, 全极化微波散射计系统兼具高精度后向散射系数测量和高分辨率微波成像特性。散射工作模式下, 当数据重叠率、滚降系数、回波信噪比分别为50%、0.5、5.53 dB时, 系统性能接近最优, 可获得较高且稳定的后向散射系数测量精度; 成像模式下, 距离向与方位向分辨率分别为0.89 m、0.43 m, 使全极化微波散射计具有良好目标探测特性。

关键词: 成像散射计, 后向散射系数测量精度, 归一化标准差, 设计与校飞试验

Abstract:

Fully polarized microwave scatterometer is an active microwave remote sensing device with two working modes of scatterometer and imaging, which has a good application prospect in complex environment observation and multi-dimensional information acquisition. The design scheme of the fully polarized microwave scatterometer system is introduced in detail in the paper. According to the requirements of the two working modes, the system designs four bandwidths of 4 MHz, 40 MHz, 120 MHz, and 200 MHz, which can effectively solve the contradiction between the imaging scatterometer bandwidth and the measurement precision of the backscatter coefficient. Based on the matched filter digital IF signal processing method, the normalized standard is derived to measure the precision of backscatter coefficient. In order to minimize the normalized standard, the relationship between windowing effect of digital filter, data segment overlap rate and the normalized standard are analyzed. The results of sea and land flight calibration experiments show that the fully polarized microwave scatterometer has the characteristics of high precision backscatter coefficient measurement and high resolution microwave imaging. When the data overlap rate, roll down coefficient and echo signal-to-noise ratio are 50%, 0.5, and 5.53 dB respectively in scatterometer mode, system performance tends to be optimal which can obtain high and stable backscattering coefficient measurement precision. The range and azimuth resolutions in imaging mode are 0.89 m and 0.43 m respectively, which makes the fully polarized microwave scatterometer have good target detection performance.

Key words: imaging scatterometer, backscattering coefficient measurement precision, normalized standard deviation, design and flight experiment

中图分类号:

TN98

刘淑一, 贾岩, 高卓妍, 张祥坤, 董晓龙, 刘和光. 航空遥感系统全极化微波散射计系统设计与校飞试验[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2023, 45(11): 3382-3390.

Shuyi LIU, Yan JIA, Zhuoyan GAO, Xiangkun ZHANG, Xiaolong DONG, Heguang LIU. Design and flight experiment of fully polarized microwave scatterometer system for aerial remote sensing system[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 45(11): 3382-3390.

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参考文献 29

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参数	数值
工作频率/GHz	13.4
工作带宽/MHz	4/40/120/200
脉冲宽度/μs	10
接收窗时间/μs	50
发射功率/dBm	47
噪声系数/dB	2.2
极化方式	HH/HV/VH/VV
交叉极化隔离度/dB	≥33
天线3 dB波束宽度/(°)	3×20
天线增益/dB	28.2
采样频率/Msps	400
脉冲重复频率PRF/Hz	500
后向散射系数测量精度/dB	0.5

信号通道	噪声通道	描述
k_l1	k_l2	k_l1=\|f_l1MT\|, k_l2=\|f_l2NT\|
k_h1	k_h2	k_h1=\|f_h1MT\|, k_h2=\|f_h2NT\|
k₁	k₂	k₁=k_h1-k_l1+1$ \cong $T_GB_s, k₂=k_h2-k_{l 2}+1$ \cong $T_NB_n
w₁(q, n)	w₂(q, n)	w₁(q, n)=w₁(n)w₁(n+qD₁), w₂(q, n)=w₂(n)w₂(n+qD₂)
W₁(q, k)	W₂(q, k)	FFT[w₁(q, n)], FFT[w₂(q, n)]
γ_i1(n)		γ_i(n)=rect(nT+(i－1)D₁－T₁)w₁(n)
γ_ij1(n)		γ_i1(n)γ_j1(n+(i－j)D₁)
Γ_ij1(k)		FFT[γ_ij1(n)]
U₁	U₂	$ U_1=\frac{1}{M} \sum\limits_{n=0}^{M-1} w_1^2(n), U_2=\frac{1}{N} \sum\limits_{n=0}^{N-1} w_2^2(n)$
U_i1		$ U_{i 1}=\frac{1}{M} \sum\limits_{n=0}^{M-1} \gamma_{i 1}^{2}(n)$
U₁^*		$ U_1^*=\frac{1}{K_1} \sum\limits_{i=1}^{K_1} U_{i 1}$

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航空遥感系统全极化微波散射计系统设计与校飞试验

Design and flight experiment of fully polarized microwave scatterometer system for aerial remote sensing system

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