低轨星座构型保持研究现状与分析

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2023.08.31

系统工程与电子技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8): 2562-2569.doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2023.08.31

低轨星座构型保持研究现状与分析

刘奇¹, 张弫², 饶建兵³, 赵书阁¹^,*, 李小玉¹, 向开恒³

1. 中国航天科工集团空间工程发展有限公司, 北京 100854
2. 北京电子工程总体研究所, 北京 100854
3. 中国星网网络创新研究院有限公司, 北京 100029

收稿日期:2022-04-07 出版日期:2023-07-25 发布日期:2023-08-03
通讯作者: 赵书阁
作者简介:刘奇 (1994—)，男，博士研究生，主要研究方向为星座构型设计与保持策略研究、轨道设计与优化技术研究
张弫 (1972—)，男，研究员，博士，主要研究方向为飞行器设计
饶建兵 (1988—)，男，高级工程师，硕士，主要研究方向为低轨星座系统总体设计
赵书阁 (1987—)，男，高级工程师，博士，主要研究方向为星座构型设计与保持策略研究、轨道设计与优化技术研究
李小玉 (1984—)，女，高级工程师，博士，主要研究方向为轨道动力学与控制
向开恒 (1972—)，男，研究员，博士，主要研究方向为低轨星座系统总体设计
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(62071476)

Research status and analysis of configuration maintenance of LEO constellation

Qi LIU¹, Zhen ZHANG², Jianbing RAO³, Shuge ZHAO¹^,*, Xiaoyu LI¹, Kaiheng XIANG³

1. CASIC Space Engineering Development Co., Ltd, Beijing 100854, China
2. Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineering, Beijing 100854, China
3. China Satellite Network Innovation Co., Ltd, Beijing 100029, China

Received:2022-04-07 Online:2023-07-25 Published:2023-08-03
Contact: Shuge ZHAO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

稳定的构型是星座发挥其正常功能的基础。首先结合卫星在轨运行动力学环境，回顾了地球重力场模型、日月引力模型、大气模型与太阳光压模型的发展，在此基础上介绍了大气模型和太阳光压模型的在轨修正技术。其次，阐述了星座构型保持的必要性与可行性，总结归纳了摄动补偿法、预先设计法、全局优化法、阻力差分法与极限环保持法等构型保持方法，对比了绝对保持与相对保持的控制基准与方法特点。最后，展望了针对不同高度的低轨(low Earth orbit，LEO)星座构型保持，旨在为LEO星座的构型保持策略设计提供参考。

关键词: 低轨星座, 构型保持, 在轨修正, 摄动补偿, 阻力差分, 极限环

Abstract:

Stable configuration is the basis for constellation to perform its normal function. Firstly, combined with the dynamic environment of satellites on-orbit, the development of Earth gravitational field model, lunisolar attraction model, atmospheric model, and solar radiation pressure model are reviewed. On this basis, the on-orbit revision techniques of atmospheric model and solar radiation pressure model are introduced. Secondly, the necessity and feasibility of constellation configuration maintenance are illustrated, and the configuration maintenance methods such as perturbation compensation method, pre-design method, global optimization method, differential drag method, and limit cycle keeping method are summarized. Thirdly, absolute maintenance and relative maintenance are compared from control reference and method characteristics. Finally, the configuration maintenance of low Earth orbit (LEO) constellation for different orbital height is prospected, which provides a reference for the configuration maintenance of LEO constellation.

Key words: low Earth orbit (LEO) constellation, configuration maintenance, revision on-orbit, perturbation compensation, differential drag, limit cycle

中图分类号:

V474

刘奇, 张弫, 饶建兵, 赵书阁, 李小玉, 向开恒. 低轨星座构型保持研究现状与分析[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2023, 45(8): 2562-2569.

Qi LIU, Zhen ZHANG, Jianbing RAO, Shuge ZHAO, Xiaoyu LI, Kaiheng XIANG. Research status and analysis of configuration maintenance of LEO constellation[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 45(8): 2562-2569.

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模型名称	发布年份	发布机构	模型阶次	备注
SAO-Ⅲ	1973	斯密松天文台	18×18	70年代应用较广
GEM-T3	1992	戈达德空间飞行中心	50×50	由卫星数据建立
WGS84	1984	美国国家测绘局	70×70	为GPS应用而建立
EIGEN-5C	2008	欧洲戈达德空间飞行中心	360×360	CHAMP卫星+地面
EGM96	1998	美国国家测绘局	360×360	目前应用较广
EGM2008	2008	美国国家地理空间情报局	2 160×2 160	目前应用较广

大气模型	系列以及首发年份	发布年份	适用高度范围/km	精度	发布机构	备注
USSA76^[19]	USSA系列，1962	1976	0~1 000	一般	美国标准大气推广委员会	驱动参数延迟发布尚未公开发布
Jacchia-Roberts^[20]	Jacchia系列，1965	1971	90~2 500	较高	史密松天文台
NRLMSISE00	MSIS系列，1977	2002	0~2 500	较高	美国海军研究实验室
JB2008	JB系列，2006	2008	90~2 500	高	美国空军空间司令部
DTM2013	DTM系列，1978	2015	120~2 500	高	法国宇航局

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低轨星座构型保持研究现状与分析

Research status and analysis of configuration maintenance of LEO constellation

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