飞机雷电耦合机理及屏蔽性能影响因素分析

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2023.04.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

复合材料飞机的雷电间接效应防护是现代飞机亟需解决的难点问题之一。通过建立等效电路研究雷电对飞机的不同电磁耦合机理, 分析复合材料飞机在蒙皮敷设金属网的屏蔽性能及影响因素, 并通过对比实际情况, 验证所提金属网体积计算方法的有效性。理论分析与仿真计算结果表明, 在蒙皮表面敷设金属网可为复合材料飞机提供有效雷电防护, 且金属网参数对屏蔽性能影响较大。此外, 提出的金属网体积及感应电流计算方法, 可为复合材料飞机雷电间接效应屏蔽性能的进一步优化提供参考。

关键词: 复合材料飞机, 雷电间接效应, 电磁屏蔽, 防雷保护, 金属网

Abstract:

Lightning indirect effect protection of composite aircraft is one of the difficulties needed to be solved urgently for modern aircraft. The different electromagnetic coupling mechanism of lightning on aircraft is analyzed by creating an equivalent circuit. And the shielding performance and influencing factors of metal mesh laid on the skin of composite aircraft are analyzed. By comparing with the actual situation, the effectiveness of the proposed metal mesh volume calculation method is verified. The results of theoretical analysis and simulation calculations show that laying metal mesh on the surface of composite skin can provide effective lightning protection for aircraft, and the metal mesh parameters have a great impact on the protection performance. In addition, the proposed calculation method of metal mesh volume and induced current can provide a reference for further optimizing lightning indirect effect shielding performance of composite aircraft.

Key words: composite material aircraft, lightning indirect effects, electromagnetic shielding, lightning protection, metal mesh

中图分类号:

V221

杨占刚, 张起浩, 柯中澍, 石旭东. 飞机雷电耦合机理及屏蔽性能影响因素分析[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2023, 45(4): 991-999.

Zhangang YANG, Qihao ZHANG, Zhongshu KE, Xudong SHI. Analysis of aircraft lightning coupling mechanism and shielding effectiveness factors[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 45(4): 991-999.

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材质	铝	玻璃	CFRP
材质	铝	玻璃	x	y	z
电导率/(S·m^-1)	3.56e7	1e-12	40 490	200	1.3

附着点位置	雷达罩	机翼翼尖	水平尾翼	垂直尾翼	其他
次数/次	12	13	5	4	3
本文仿真概率/%	32.43	35.14	13.51	10.81	8.11
F-4试验概率/%	33.0	32.0	14.4	11.3	9.3

1A阈值及结果对比	飞机部位
1A阈值及结果对比	雷达罩	机翼	水平尾翼	垂直尾翼
1A阈值/%	29.29	26.27	22.79	25.99
本文阈值计算分区/m	1.437	0.656	0.684	0.736
SAE-ARP 5414分区/m	1.3	0.5	0.5	0.5

电流分量	描述	I_ext=I₀(e^－αt－e^－βt)
电流分量	描述	I₀/A	α/s^-1	β/s^-1
A	初始高峰	218 810	11 354	647 265
B	中间电流	11 300	700	2 000
C	持续电流(0.5s内)	400	—	—
D	重复放电	109 405	22 708	1 294 530
D/2	多重冲击	54 703	22 708	1 294 530
H	多重脉冲	1 294 530	187 191	19 105 100

机身材质	内部磁场强度峰值/(A·m^-1)	线缆感应电流峰值/A
机身材质	内部磁场强度峰值/(A·m^-1)	屏蔽层	芯线
铝材质	59.384	229.597	0.158
CFRP材质	891.653	8 667.492	6.262
CFRP材质+金属网	531.668	2 687.860	1.942