面向复杂系统需求分析的DSL构建

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2022.11.19

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在航空航天领域, 系统的复杂度快速增长, 这对基于模型的系统工程的开展带来巨大的挑战, 尤以复杂系统的需求分析为甚。需求分析过程缺乏针对性的支持模型的工具。针对基于模型的系统工程中的这一问题, 根据领域建模的思想, 引入领域特定语言(domain specific language, DSL)的概念, 提出一种构建DSL进行需求分析的方法, 并针对基于模型的系统工程(model based system engineering, MBSE)中需求分析的需要构建相应的DSL。首先, 从基于模型的系统工程方法论角度, 对工程应用中的需求捕获与分解进行了分析; 接着, 通过扩展后的GOPPRR(graph object property port role relationship)元元模型依据需要, 构建了DSL的具体语法与语义; 最后, 以具体的系统为例与系统建模语言分析方法做出了对比。结果表明, 所构建的DSL在进行复杂系统的需求分析与建模时, 与实际需要契合, 在各个环节都具有针对性强、形式化的优点, 有利于保证需求分析与建模工作的正确性。

关键词: 需求分析, 领域特定语言, 基于模型的系统工程

Abstract:

In the field of aerospace, the complexity of system is increasing rapidly, which brings great challenges to the model based system engineering, especially the requirement analysis of complex system. The requirements analysis process lacks pointed model-supported tools. Aiming at this problem in model based system engnieering, according to the idea of domain specific modeling, the concept of domain specific language (DSL) is introduced, a method of requirements analysis in model based system engnieering is proposed, and the corresponding DSL meeting the needs of requirement analysis in model based system engnieering (MBSE) is built. Firstly, the requirements capture and decomposition in engineering application are analyzed from the perspective of MBSE methodology. Then, the semantic and syntax of the DSL is built according to the needs through the extended GOPPRR (graph object property port role relationship) meta model. Finally, a specific system is taken as an example and compared with the system modeling language analysis method. The results show that the built DSL fits the actual needs in the requirement analysis and modeling of complex systems and has the advantages of strong pertinence and formalization in all stages, which is conducive to ensuring the correctness of requirement analysis and modeling.

Key words: requirement analysis, domain specific language (DSL), model-based system engineering (MBSE)

中图分类号:

O231

廖万斌, 曹云峰, 王新尧. 面向复杂系统需求分析的DSL构建[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(11): 3443-3454.

Wanbin LIAO, Yunfeng CAO, Xinyao WANG. DSL building for requirement analysis of complex system[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44(11): 3443-3454.

图/表 17

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

表1

表2

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

表3

图13

图14

参考文献 27

1	王维平, 朱一凡, 王涛, 等. 体系视野下的MBSE[J]. 科技导报, 2019, 37 (7): 12- 21.
	WANG W P , ZHU Y F , WANG T , et al. MBSE from a system of systems point of view[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2019, 37 (7): 12- 21.
2	张鹏翼, 黄百乔, 鞠鸿彬. MBSE: 系统工程的发展方向[J]. 科技导报, 2020, 38 (21): 21- 26. doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.21.002
	ZHANG P Y , HUANG B Q , JU H B . MBSE: future direction of system engineering[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2020, 38 (21): 21- 26. doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.21.002
3	WANG D D , LIANG H , CUI J W . Modeling and simulation of top-level design based on MBSE[J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2020, 1486, 072061. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1486/7/072061
4	郝彬彬, 鲁金直, 李军, 等. 基于特定域建模方法的航空发动机MBSE实施方法[J]. 科技导报, 2019, 37 (7): 88- 95.
	HAO B B , LU J Z , LI J , et al. Domain-specific modeling approach for model-based systems engineering in aero-engine development[J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019, 37 (7): 88- 95.
5	HINSEN K . Domain-specific languages in scientific computing[J]. Computing in Science Engineering, 2018, 20 (1): 88- 92. doi: 10.1109/MCSE.2018.011111130
6	AMELLER D, FRANCH X, CABOT J. Dealing with non-functional requirements in model-driven development[C]//Proc. of the 18th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference, 2010: 189-198.
7	AMELLER D , FRANCH X , GOMEZ C , et al. Dealing with non-functional requirements in model-driven development: a survey[J]. IEEE Trans.on Software Engineering, 2021, 47 (4): 818- 835. doi: 10.1109/TSE.2019.2904476
8	KARAGOZ E, REILLEY K A, MAVRIS D N. Model-based approach to the requirements analysis for a conceptual aircraft sizing and synthesis problem[C]//Proc. of the AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum, 2019.
9	KHAN F Q , MUSA S , TSARAMIRSIS G , et al. A novel requirements analysis approach in SPL based on collateral, KAOS and feature model[J]. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 2018, 7, 104- 108.
10	CHUNG L, NIXON B A. Dealing with non-functional requirements: three experimental studies of a process-oriented approach[C]//Proc. of the 17th International Conference on Software Engineering, 1995: 25.
11	KURTEV I, BEZIVIN J, JOUAULT F, et al. Model-based DSL frameworks[C]//Proc. of the Companion to the 21st ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Object-oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, 2006.
12	王赞超, 李宁宁, 高帅华. 基于DSL的系统工程需求建模工具设计[J]. 信息系统工程, 2020, 4, 117- 118.117-118, 121
	WANG Z C , LI N N , GAO S H . Design of requirement modeling tool for system engineering based on DSL[J]. China CIO News, 2020, 4, 117- 118.117-118, 121
13	LANDI A , NICHOLSON M . ARP4754A/ED-79A-guidelines for development of civil aircraft and systems-enhancements, novelties and key topics[J]. SAE International Journal of Aerospace, 2011, 4 (2): 871- 879. doi: 10.4271/2011-01-2564
14	贺东风, 赵越让, 钱仲焱. 中国商用飞机有限责任公司系统工程手册[M]. 上海: 上海交通大学出版社, 2017.
	HE D F , ZHAO Y R , QIAN Z Y . Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China Ltd system engineering mannual[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press, 2017.
15	SHAKED A , REICH Y . Requirements for model-based development process design and compliance of standardized models[J]. Systems, 2021, 9 (1): 3. doi: 10.3390/systems9010003
16	ROLLAND C. A comprehensive view of process engineering[C]//Proc. of the International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, 1998.
17	ROY M , DEB N , CORTESI A , et al. NFR-aware prioritization of software requirements[J]. Systems Engineering, 2021, 24 (3): 158- 176.
18	MARTAKIS A, DANEVA M. Handling requirements dependencies in agile projects: a focus group with agile software development practitioners[C]//Proc. of the IEEE 7th International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science, 2013.
19	BADREAU S , BOULANGER J L . Requirements engineering: methods and best practices for building and maintaining a respository[J]. E-Ti: E-Renview in Technologies Information, 2015, 8, 85.
20	POHL K . Requirements engineering: fundamentals, principles, and techniques[M]. Berlin: Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated, 2010.
21	HOLT J, PERRY S. SysML for Systems engineering[M]. London: Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2008.
22	LEBEAUPIN B , RAUZY A . Toward a better integration of requirements and model-based specifications[J]. Systems Engineering, 2020, 23 (6): 751- 769.
23	朱欣娟, 薛惠锋. 基于需求分解的知识系统建模方法[J]. 计算机应用, 2003, 23 (6): 7- 9.
	ZHU X J , XUE H F . Study on domain ontology model based on requirement decomposition[J]. Computer Applications, 2003, 23 (6): 7- 9.
24	BROWNING T R . Building models of product development processes: an integrative approach to managing organizational knowledge[J]. Systems Engineering, 2018, 21 (1): 70- 87.
25	DORI D, LINCHEVSKI C, MANOR R, et al. OPCAT-an object-process CASE tool for OPM-based conceptual modelling[C]//Proc. of the 1st International Conference on Modelling and Management of Engineering Processes, 2010.
26	周波, 孔德培, 耿宏峰, 等. 基于OPM的电子信息装备体系复杂性建模[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2019, 31 (6): 51- 57.
	ZHOU B , KONG D P , GENG H F , et al. Complexity modeling of electronic information equipment system of systems based on object-process methodology[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2019, 31 (6): 51- 57.
27	WEYERS B , BOWEN J , DZX A , et al. The handbook of formal methods in human-computer interaction[M]. Berlin: Springer, 2017.

类型	表现形式	语义	允许的连接
包含		对象B与C是对象A的一部分	对象到对象过程到过程
具有		对象A具有状态B与属性C	对象到属性对象到状态
特化		过程B与C是特殊的过程A	对象到对象过程到过程
追溯		NFR C追溯至FR B, B追溯到功能A	FR到功能 NFR到FR
优先		NFR A优先于NFR B	NFR到NFR

类型	表现形式	语义	允许的连接
主体		对象A是过程B的主体, B由A操作。若B连接A的属性或状态, 则表示需要指定状态的A	对象到过程属性到过程状态到过程
手段		对象A是过程B所需要的手段。若B连接A的属性或状态, 则表示需要特定状态的A	对象到过程属性到过程状态到过程
消耗		过程B需要消耗对象A。若B连接A的属性或状态, 则表示需要特定状态的A	对象到过程属性到过程状态到过程
结果		过程B生成对象A。若B连接A的属性或状态, 则表示产生特定状态的A	过程到对象过程到属性过程到状态
触发		对象A将触发过程B。若B连接A的属性或状态, 则表示需要特定状态的A	对象到过程属性到过程状态到过程过程到过程
先于		过程A先于过程B发生	过程到过程
介入		内部约束A会对过程B有影响	内外部约束到过程环境到过程
实现		功能A由过程B实现	功能到过程功能到功能过程到过程过程到对象

功能	NFR	参考
着陆	必须确定从着陆面上方50英尺处着陆并完全停止所需的水平距离	FAR 25.125 (着陆)
着陆	稳定进近, 校准空速不低于V_REF(爬升速度), 必须保持在50英尺高度	FAR 25.125 (着陆)
着陆	在非结冰条件下, V_REF(爬升速度)不得小于1.23V_SR(参考失速速度)	FAR 25.125 (着陆)
起飞	标定空速的V_{2, min}(起飞安全速度)不得小于1.13V_SR(参考失速速度)	FAR 25.107 (起飞速度)

[1]	卢元杰, 刘志敏, 孙智孝, 阚东. 基于模型的无人机系统架构综合评估方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(4): 1239-1245.
[2]	范秋岑, 毕文豪, 张安, 王文浩. 民用飞机高度控制系统MBSE建模方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(1): 164-171.
[3]	焦洪臣, 雷勇, 张宏宇, 张国斌, 王耀东. 基于MBSE的航天器系统建模分析与设计研制方法探索[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43(9): 2516-2525.
[4]	李德林, 毕文豪, 张安, 范秋岑. 基于MBSE的民机研制过程管理[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43(8): 2209-2220.
[5]	王雨农, 毕文豪, 张安, 詹超. 基于DoDAF的民机MBSE研制方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43(12): 3579-3585.
[6]	王文浩, 毕文豪, 张安, 范秋岑. 基于MBSE的民机系统功能建模方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43(10): 2884-2892.
[7]	毛志威, 屈展文, 张彤, 卢艺, 傅山, 黄丹. 基于MBSE的民机审定试飞场景设计[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42(8): 1768-1775.
[8]	周振愚, 钱跃竑, 刘毅. 产品维修性设计的系统工程方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42(5): 1197-1204.
[9]	潘星, 张国忠, 张跃东, 康锐. 工程弹性系统与系统弹性理论研究综述[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2019, 41(9): 2006-2015.
[10]	任炳轩, 卢艺, 傅山, 黄丹. 基于MBSE的民机功能需求辨识与确认[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2019, 41(9): 2016-2024.
[11]	付强, 王刚, 郭相科, 刘昌云, 张小宽. 临空高速目标协同探测跟踪需求分析[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2015, 37(4): 757-762.
[12]	王智学, 董庆超, 陈彬, 陈剑. 基于UML模型的C⁴ISR系统能力需求分析与验证[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2009, 31(9): 2167-2171.