航班运行风险网络的传播与控制改进

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2021.09.22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究航班运行风险的产生、传播与控制过程, 首先统计华北区域航班运行数据共计76个风险节点。然后，采用偏秩相关系数构建风险网络, 再使用社团模块探测算法与三角最大滤波法验证网络适用性。并且, 提出一种适用于航班运行风险分析的SEIR(susceptible-infected-exposed-recovered)模型。根据动力学传播结果, 聚类定位网络传播中关键节点。最后, 采用前置预防与战术处置两类控制方案。计算结果表明，仅控制5个节点后, 感染峰值可降低18.44%, 峰值时间推后两个周期, 起降等重要操纵节点被感染次数平均下降11.74%。该方案在感染峰值、感染周期、重要节点感染3个方面的抑制效果均占优。以上结果证实, 所提方案可有效用于航班运行风险问题分析。

关键词: 航班运行风险, 复杂网络, 偏秩相关系数, 改进SEIR模型, 网络关键节点

Abstract:

In order to explore the generation, dissemination and control process of flight operation risk, the flight operation data of North China region is counted, with a total of 76 risk nodes. Then, the partial rank correlation coefficient is used to construct the risk network, and the community module detection and triangular maximum filtering method are used to verify the applicability of the network. Furthermore, a SEIR model for flight operation risk analysis is proposed. According to the results of dynamic propagation, the key nodes in network propagation are located by clustering. Finally, two kinds of control schemes, pre prevention and tactical disposal, are adopted. The results show that the infection peak can be reduced by 18.44% when only 5 nodes are controlled, and the peak time can be postponed by two cycles, and the average infection times of important control nodes such as take-off and landing nodes can be reduced by 11.74%. The inhibition effect of this scheme was superior in three aspects: infection peak, infection cycle and infection of important nodes. The above results confirm that the proposed scheme can be effectively used for flight operation risk analysis.

Key words: flight operation risk, complex network, partial rank correlation coefficient, improved susceptible-infected-exposed-recovered (SEIR) model, network key nodes

中图分类号:

王岩韬, 杨拯. 航班运行风险网络的传播与控制改进[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43(9): 2544-2552.

Yantao WANG, Zheng YANG. Propagation and control improvement of flight operation risk network[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 43(9): 2544-2552.

图/表 16

表1

风险网络节点"

节点	所属类别	具体含义	各工种评价依据	风险值
1	飞机维修	机务人员经验能力	评价维度包括持照、工作年限、技术级别等; 经验丰富1, 经验尚可5, 无执照且工作不足2年为9;	4	4	4
2		机务人员执勤时间	零点至2点接班为5;2~4点接班为8;4~6点为6;工作时间超过5小时风险加1, 此后再增加1小时风险加1, 最高为10;	6	5	6
⋮		⋮	⋮	⋮	⋮	⋮
8	故障保留	影响操作和飞机性能的MEL项	无故障1, 有则按手册标识的影响评5~10, 对起降有限制的为10;	2	3	5
⋮	故障保留	⋮	⋮	⋮	⋮	⋮
13	机场运行	值机身份确认	按当天差错次数, 无差错为1, 10次以内按次数, 10次及以上为10;	1	1	1
⋮	机场运行	⋮	⋮	⋮	⋮	⋮
20	飞行员及飞行操作	机组技术级别搭配	加强组为1, 教员与机长为1, 机长与副驾驶为2, 双新机长为7, 新机长与副驾为8, 等, 按手册赋值;	6	6	5
⋮		⋮	⋮	⋮	⋮	⋮
41		着陆	操作类按训练记录评分, 按机长记录中蓝黄告警的次数, 最低1, 10次以内按次数, 10次及以上为10;	2	3	5
⋮		⋮	⋮	⋮	⋮	⋮
43	管制指挥	推出指令	按当天差错计分, 无差错为1, 10次以内按次数, 10次及以上为10;	2	2	1
⋮	管制指挥	⋮	⋮	⋮	⋮	⋮
50	运行条件潜在风险	起落机场天气	实况预报高于标准500 m以上为1, 在标准上下100 m为8, 边缘天气且有雷雨等天气现象为10;	3	3	5
⋮		⋮	⋮	⋮	⋮	⋮
75		落地机场临时限制性通告	无限制为1, 影响落地操作为10, 跑道类限制为8, 滑行道飞行区限制为6, 机坪限制为3~4;	2	2	4
76	总运行状态	时段或全天运行状态	10表示已出现不安全事件; 8~9表示当天虽未发生不安全事件, 但有明显运行差错; 5~8表示运行限制较多, 运行单位安全运行压力较大; 2~5表示运行压力较小; 1表示无明显运行安全影响	7	6	6.5

表1

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表3

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表6

图4

图5

表7

表8

图6

图7

表9

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	节点1	节点2	节点3	节点4	节点5	⋯
节点1	0	0	0	0.15	0	⋯
节点2	0	0	0.94	0	0	⋯
节点3	0	0.94	0	0	0	⋯
节点4	0.15	0	0	0	0	⋯
节点5	0	0	0	0	0	⋯
⋮	⋮	⋮	⋮	⋮	⋮	⋱

节点	度值	聚类系数	介数	紧密中心度	社团
1	2	0.00	10.03	0.30	4
2	2	0.00	28.08	0.27	0
3	3	0.00	7.57	0.25	0
⋮	⋮	⋮	⋮	⋮	⋮
71	28	0.59	62.04	0.49	7
72	5	0.50	6.59	0.36	6
73	14	0.72	14.17	0.38	7
74	2	0.29	89.55	0.38	4
75	10	0.42	50.42	0.36	8
76	6	0.24	181.86	0.42	4

标准差	感染率
0	0.2
1	0.4
2	0.6
3	0.8
4	1.0

节点编号	被感染次数	感染次数	总和
8	1 001	2 416	3 417
11	1 161	2 053	3 214
24	1 159	2 213	3 372
25	1 525	2 607	4 132
29	1 521	2 890	4 411
30	1 517	2 697	4 214
34	1 577	2 537	4 114
45	1 515	2 629	4 144
50	1 270	3 865	5 135
55	1 523	2 472	3 995
58	1 216	2 047	3 263
59	1 276	2 128	3 404
60	1 535	2 419	3 954
61	1 495	2 983	4 478
71	1 530	2 606	4 136

节点	节点类别	可采取措施类型	具体方法
50 起落机场天气	运行环境	前置预防-系统与制度建设	建立低能见运行程序;
50 起落机场天气	运行环境	战术处置	实时跟踪现场天气以及起降状况;
61 机载燃油监控	飞行中监控	前置预防-人员资质提升	强化最后储备燃油的情景训练;
		前置预防-系统与制度建设	①采用高精度的计算机飞行计划系统; ②监控系统中完善燃油监控功能;
		战术处置	空地配合优化高度与航径, 降低燃油消耗;
29 核对计算机飞行计划	飞行前计划	前置预防-人员资质提升	加强飞行计划手工与计算机实训;
		前置预防-系统与制度建设	①监控系统中完善实时飞行与计划偏差计算功能; ②制定并执行交叉检查程序;
		战术处置	遇特殊情况, 空地配合优化改航航路;
30 飞行前设备检查	飞行前准备	前置预防-系统与制度建设	①严格执行绕机检查标准操作; ②严格执行交叉检查程序;
45 位置监控与指挥	飞行中指挥	战术处置	遇特殊情况, 空地配合优化改航航路;
45 位置监控与指挥	飞行中指挥	前置预防-系统与制度建设	①使用秒级刷新的高精度飞行监控系统; ②制定各类特殊情况下的监控操作程序