基于MBSE的航天器系统建模分析与设计研制方法探索

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2021.09.19

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

航天器任务具有任务复杂、高风险、高成本、高可靠性、长周期等特点, 为了适应未来更加复杂的航天器任务研制需要, 在航天器设计与研制中引入了基于模型的系统工程(model-based system engineering, MBSE)方法。提出了基于模型的航天器研制流程和适应航天器研制过程需要的6类模型体系, 分别为需求模型、功能模型、工艺模型、架构模型、产品模型以及验证模型。以月球水资源探测为假想任务背景, 给出了MBSE建模过程及其模型, 充分体现了MBSE方法在航天器设计及其集成仿真验证方面的优势。

关键词: 航天器, 系统工程, 基于模型的系统工程, 系统建模语言

Abstract:

Spacecraft missions are characterized by complex missions, high risks, high costs, high reliability, and long periods. In order to meet the needs of more complex spacecraft mission development in the future, model-based systems engineering (MBSE) methods is introduced in the spacecraft design and development. A model-based spacecraft development process and six types of model systems that meet the needs of the spacecraft development process are proposed, which are composed of demand model, function model, process model, architecture model, product model, and verification model. Taking the lunar water resource exploration as a hypothetical task, the MBSE modeling process and its model are presented, which fully embodies the advantages of the MBSE method in spacecraft design and simulation verification.

Key words: spacecraft, system engineering, model-based systems engineering (MBSE), systems modeling

中图分类号:

V221+.8

焦洪臣, 雷勇, 张宏宇, 张国斌, 王耀东. 基于MBSE的航天器系统建模分析与设计研制方法探索[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43(9): 2516-2525.

Hongchen JIAO, Yong LEI, Hongyu ZHANG, Guobin ZHANG, Yaodong WANG. Research on modeling and design method of spacecraft system based on MBSE[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 43(9): 2516-2525.

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模型名称	实现功能
需求模型	(1) 梳理利益相关者, 完成顶层任务需求捕获, 建立设计约束; (2) 配合模型精化, 形成顶层需求至系统需求、系统需求至分系统需求、分系统需求至组件需求的分解; (3) 实现需求追溯分析与满足度分析。
功能模型	(1) 描述航天器任务功能性目标, 基于用例展开功能黑盒分析; (2) 描述航天器与大系统的接口关系, 建立需求与功能的可追溯关系; (3) 对关键功能进一步展开, 明确各分系统组成及功能活动。
架构模型	(1) 描述系统内各分系统间的接口关系, 建立系统上下文联系; (2) 描述分系统动态行为、各工作模式间的切换关系、时序关系等; (3) 明确航天器系统的逻辑组成, 以及各分系统之间的信息交换关系。
产品模型	(1) 描述分系统各组件的配套信息; (2) 建立产品性能指标参数与分系统设计约束的可追溯关系; (3) 建立各组件在分系统中的逻辑组成关系。
工艺模型	(1) 定义产品在软件、电气、机械等层面的实施方式; (2) 明确产品制造工艺以及性能指标参数。
验证模型	(1) 利用上述模型已建立的参数可追溯关系, 分析验证航天器系统、分系统设计对功能需求、性能参数、设计约束等的满足度; (2) 辅助地面测试验证或虚拟/数字化测试验证; (3) 航天器在轨运行任务模式仿真和使用培训。

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