基于弹跳射线技术的三维GTD模型构建方法

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2021.08.02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

传统的基于弹跳射线(shooting and bouncing ray, SBR)技术的散射中心提取方法只考虑了理想点模型, 但理想点模型无法描述散射中心的频率依赖特性。对此, 提出一种基于弹跳射线技术的三维几何绕射理论(geometrical theory of diffraction, GTD)模型构建方法, 在通过传统方法获取的理想点模型的基础上, 利用射线管数据正向推算散射中心的频率依赖参数并修正其径向位置, 实现了高精度三维GTD模型构建。仿真结果表明, 点频、单视角下构建的三维GTD模型不仅能准确重构相同条件下的雷达散射截面(radar cross section, RCS), 还能实现宽带RCS外推, 能够满足目标宽带散射数据高效压缩和快速重构的应用需求。

关键词: 散射中心建模, 三维几何绕射理论模型, 径向位置修正, 弹跳射线技术

Abstract:

The traditional scattering center extraction method based on shooting and bouncing ray (SBR) technique only considers the ideal point model, which is unable to describe the frequency dependence of scattering centers. Therefore, a SBR-based method of three dimensional geometrical theory of diffraction (3D-GTD) model construction is proposed. Based on the ideal point model obtained by the traditional method, using ray-tube data, the frequency dependence parameters are forward determined and the down-range locations are corrected for scattering centers. The construction of high-precision 3D-GTD model is achieved. Simulation results show that the 3D-GTD model constructed at single frequency and single view can not only precisely reconstruct radar cross section (RCS) data under the same conditions, but also achieve RCS extrapolation within a wide frequency band. The proposed method is able to meet the application requirements of efficient compression and fast reconstruction of wide-band target scattering data.

Key words: scattering center modeling, three dimensional geometrical theory of diffraction (3D-GTD) model, down-range location correction, shooting and bouncing ray (SBR) technique

中图分类号:

TN95

陆金文, 闫华, 张磊, 殷红成. 基于弹跳射线技术的三维GTD模型构建方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43(8): 2028-2036.

Jinwen LU, Hua YAN, Lei ZHANG, Hongcheng YIN. 3D-GTD model construction method using the shooting and bouncing ray technique[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 43(8): 2028-2036.

图/表 15

图1

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

表2

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

表3

参考文献 32

1	黄培康, 殷红成, 许小剑. 雷达目标特性[M]. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2005.
	HUANG P K , YIN H C , XU X J . Radar target signature[M]. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2005.
2	HE F Y , XU X J . High-resolution imaging based on coherent processing for distributed multi-band radar data[J]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research, 2013, 141, 383- 401. doi: 10.2528/PIER13062504
3	ZHANG L , XING M D , QIU C W , et al. Resolution enhancement for inversed synthetic aperture radar imaging under low SNR via improved compressive sensing[J]. IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2010, 48 (10): 3824- 3838. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2048575
4	WANG Y , RONG J J , HAN T . Novel approach for high resolution ISAR/InISAR sensors imaging of maneuvering target based on peak extraction technique[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2019, 19 (14): 5541- 5558. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2019.2905246
5	ZHENG S Y , ZHANG X K , ZHAO W C , et al. Parameter estimation of GTD model and RCS extrapolation based on a modified 3D-ESPRIT algorithm[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2020, 31 (6): 1206- 1215. doi: 10.23919/JSEE.2020.000065
6	李尚生, 王旭坤, 付哲泉, 等. 基于Hankel矩阵改进TLS-ESPRIT算法的散射中心参数提取及RCS重构[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43 (1): 62- 73.
	LI S S , WANG X K , FU Z Q , et al. Improved TLS-ESPRIT algorithm based on Hankel matrix for parameter extraction of scattering center and RCS reconstruction[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 43 (1): 62- 73.
7	BHALLA R , LING H , MOORE J , et al. 3D scattering center representation of complex targets using the shooting and bouncing ray technique: a review[J]. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 1998, 40 (5): 30- 39. doi: 10.1109/74.735963
8	郑舒予, 张小宽, 宗彬锋. 基于改进MUSIC算法的散射中心参数提取及RCS重构[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42 (1): 76- 82.
	ZHENG S Y , ZHANG X K , ZONG B F . Extraction of scattering center parameters and reconstruction of RCS based on improved MUSIC algorithm[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2020, 42 (1): 76- 82.
9	ZHANG L , ZHANG Y H , YIN H C , et al. A fast SAR target indexing method based on geometric models[J]. IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2019, 57 (12): 10226- 10240. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2019.2932454
10	付强, 周剑雄, 秦敬喜, 等. 雷达目标散射中心模型反演及其在识别中的应用[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2011, 33 (1): 48- 52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2011.01.10
	FU Q , ZHOU J X , QIN J X , et al. Global scattering center model extraction and its application in radar target recognition[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2011, 33 (1): 48- 52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2011.01.10
11	文贡坚, 马聪慧, 丁柏圆, 等. 基于部件级三维参数化电磁模型的SAR目标物理可解释识别方法[J]. 雷达学报, 2020, 9 (4): 608- 621.
	WEN G J , MA C H , DING B Y , et al. SAR physics interpre-table recognition method based on three dimensional parametric electromagnetic part model[J]. Journal of Radars, 2020, 9 (4): 608- 621.
12	ZHOU J X , SHI Z G , CHENG X , et al. Automatic target recognition of SAR images based on global scattering center model[J]. IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2011, 49 (10): 3713- 3729. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2162526
13	徐嘉华, 张小宽, 郑舒予, 等. 基于改进3D-ESPRIT算法的GTD模型参数估计与目标识别[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43 (2): 336- 342.
	XU J H , ZHANG X K , ZHENG S Y , et al. Improved 3D-ESPRIT algorithm for parameter estimation of the 3D-GTD model and target recognition[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 43 (2): 336- 342.
14	HUA Y , SARKAR T K . Matrix pencil method for estimating parameters of exponentially damped/undamped sinusoids in noise[J]. IEEE Trans.on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1990, 38 (5): 814- 824. doi: 10.1109/29.56027
15	HURST M , MITTRA R . Scattering center analysis via Prony's method[J]. IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation, 1987, 35 (8): 986- 988. doi: 10.1109/TAP.1987.1144210
16	POTTER L C , CHIANG D M , CARRIERE R , et al. A GTD-based parametric model for radar scattering[J]. IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation, 1995, 43 (10): 1058- 1067. doi: 10.1109/8.467641
17	徐丹, 邢孟道, 符吉祥, 等. 多视角属性散射中心模型的部件提取与合成[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2017, 39 (6): 1197- 1202.
	XU D , XING M D , FU J X , et al. Multi-aspect components extraction and fusion based on attributed scattering center model[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2017, 39 (6): 1197- 1202.
18	ZHOU J X , ZHAO H Z , SHI Z G , et al. Global scattering center model extraction of radar targets based on wideband measurements[J]. IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation, 2008, 56 (7): 2051- 2060. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2008.924698
19	郑舒予, 张小宽, 宗彬锋, 等. 二维GTD模型参数估计的PO-FB-2D-ESPRIT算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42 (6): 1283- 1289.
	ZHANG S Y , ZHANG X K , ZONG B F , et al. PQ-FB-2D-ESPRIT algorithm for parameter estimation of 2D-GTD model[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2020, 42 (6): 1283- 1289.
20	ZHOU J X , SHI Z G , FU Q . Three-dimensional scattering center extraction based on wide aperture data at a single elevation[J]. IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2014, 53 (3): 1638- 1655.
21	BHALLA R , LING H . Three-dimensional scattering center extraction using the shooting and bouncing ray technique[J]. IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation, 1996, 44 (11): 1445- 1453. doi: 10.1109/8.542068
22	YUN D J , LEE J I , BAE K U , et al. Improvement in computation time of 3-D scattering center extraction using the shooting and bouncing ray technique[J]. IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation, 2017, 65 (8): 4191- 4199. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2017.2708078
23	YUN D J , LEE J I , BAE K U , et al. Accurate three-dimensional scattering center extraction for ISAR image using the matched filter-based CLEAN algorithm[J]. IEICE Trans.on Communications, 2018, E101-B (2): 418- 425. doi: 10.1587/transcom.2017ISP0005
24	闫华, 陈勇, 李胜, 等. 基于弹跳射线法的海面舰船目标三维散射中心快速建模方法[J]. 雷达学报, 2019, 8 (1): 107- 116.
	YAN H , CHEN Y , LI S , et al. A fast algorithm for establishing 3-D scattering center model for ship targets over sea surface using the shooting and bouncing ray technique[J]. Journal of Radars, 2019, 8 (1): 107- 116.
25	HE Y , HE S Y , ZHANG Y H , et al. A forward approach to establish parametric scattering center models for known complex radar targets applied to SAR ATR[J]. IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation, 2014, 62 (12): 6192- 6205. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2014.2360700
26	张磊, 何思远, 朱国强, 等. 雷达目标三维散射中心位置正向推导和分析[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2018, 40 (12): 2854- 2860.
	ZHANG L , HE S Y , ZHU G Q , et al. Forward derivation and analysis for 3-D scattering center position of radar target[J]. Journal of Electronics and Information Technology, 2018, 40 (12): 2854- 2860.
27	LIU J , HE S Y , ZHANG L , et al. An automatic and forward method to establish 3-D parametric scattering center models of complex targets for target recognition[J]. IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2020, 58 (12): 8701- 8716. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2020.2989856
28	LING H , CHOU R C , LEE S W . Shooting and bouncing rays: calculating the RCS of an arbitrarily shaped cavity[J]. IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation, 1989, 37 (2): 194- 205. doi: 10.1109/8.18706
29	TSAO J , STEINBERG B D . Reduction of sidelobe and speckle artifacts in microwave imaging: the CLEAN technique[J]. IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation, 1988, 36 (4): 543- 556. doi: 10.1109/8.1144
30	邢笑宇, 闫华, 殷红成, 等. 镜面-镜面耦合散射中心的频率依赖特性分析[J]. 制导与引信, 2014, 35 (2): 39- 43. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-0576.2014.02.009
	XING X Y , YAN H , YIN H C , et al. Frequency-dependent cha-racteristics analysis of specular coupling scattering center[J]. Guidance and Fuze, 2014, 35 (2): 39- 43. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-0576.2014.02.009
31	YAN H, LI S, LI H M, et al. Monostatic GTD model for double scattering due to specular reflections or edge diffractions[C]//Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Computational Electromagnetics, 2018.
32	FARIN G , NOLTEMEIER H , HAGEN H , et al. Geometric modeling[M]. Berlin: Springer-Vienna, 1993: 139- 153.

机理类型	机理名称	几何结构示意	α_n
单次反射	FS		1.0
	SS		0.5
	DS		0
二次反射	FS-FS		1.0
	SS-FS		0.5
	SS-SS		0.5
	DS-FS		0
	DS-SS		0
	DS-DS		0

方法	计算频点数	计算时间/s	模型大小/kB
Yun方法	401	1 058.6	140.90
本文方法	1	2.8	0.35

方法	计算频点数	计算时间/s	模型大小/kB
Yun方法	401	1 307.3	435.54
本文方法	1	3.4	0.91

[1]	孔亚盟, 王国玉, 冯德军. AFSS反射器双脉冲周期间歇调制方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(12): 3587-3594.
[2]	辛怀声, 宋鹏汉, 曹晨. 多模型广义标签多伯努利滤波器[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(12): 3603-3613.
[3]	裴家正, 黄勇, 陈宝欣, 关键, 陈小龙. 基于线性约束最小方差原则的稳健快速自适应脉冲压缩方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(12): 3621-3630.
[4]	雷禹, 冷祥光, 周晓艳, 孙忠镇, 计科峰. 基于改进ResNet网络的复数SAR图像舰船目标识别方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(12): 3652-3660.
[5]	唐军奎, 刘峥, 谢荣, 曾波. MIMO雷达稀疏阵列优化设计方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(12): 3661-3666.
[6]	吴志鹏, 张平, 李震, 黄磊, 刘畅, 高硕. 基于轻小型无人机雷达的植被高度反演方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(12): 3667-3675.
[7]	徐桂光, 王旭东, 汪飞, 胡国兵, 高涌荇, 罗泽虎. 基于SE-ResNeXt网络的低信噪比LPI雷达辐射源信号识别[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(12): 3676-3684.
[8]	游致远, 胡国平, 周豪. 基于冗余阵元优化的双基地嵌套MIMO雷达目标DOD和DOA联合估计方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(12): 3696-3702.
[9]	王永攀, 苏建新, 龚明, 刘华. 面向作战的雷达全功能操作训练效果评估模型[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(12): 3766-3774.
[10]	朱晓敏, 刘大千, 费博雯, 门通. 局部通信条件下多无人机协同搜索方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(12): 3783-3791.
[11]	杨宇超, 方明, 赵晨帆, 王玥琪, 方刚. 高速机动目标长时间相参积累和参数估计算法研究[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(12): 3811-3820.
[12]	徐正, 巩光众, 罗运华, 李广德. 约束优化的空间变迹算法的旁瓣抑制应用[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(11): 3298-3304.
[13]	刘旗, 张新禹, 刘永祥. 基于门控多尺度匹配网络的小样本SAR目标识别[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(11): 3346-3356.
[14]	曹亚丽, 李梅梅, 屈诗涵, 宋昕. 联合准则下的认知雷达波形设计[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(11): 3364-3370.
[15]	高涌荇, 王旭东, 汪玲, 朱岱寅, 郭军, 孟凡旺. 基于RCNN的双极化气象雷达天气信号检测[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(11): 3380-3387.