空间非合作目标非接触式电磁消旋方法综述

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.01.26

系统工程与电子技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 254-267.doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.01.26

空间非合作目标非接触式电磁消旋方法综述

杜磊¹, 陈振¹, 户恒在¹^,*, 张强², 刘向东¹, 张可墨²

1. 北京理工大学自动化学院, 北京 100081
2. 北京控制工程研究所, 北京 100094

收稿日期:2024-01-19 出版日期:2025-01-21 发布日期:2025-01-25
通讯作者: 户恒在
作者简介:杜磊(1992—), 男, 博士研究生, 主要研究方向为电机设计、电磁消旋装置电磁分析、空间非合作目标非接触式消旋
陈振(1976—), 男, 教授, 博士, 主要研究方向为电机与电器、空间机器人伺服控制、空间伺服机构驱动与控制
户恒在(1988—), 男, 副研究员, 博士, 主要研究方向为特种电机建模与设计、定位系统高精度伺服控制
张强(1978—), 男, 研究员, 博士, 主要研究方向为航天器执行机构与驱动机构
刘向东(1971—), 男, 教授, 博士, 主要研究方向为高精度伺服控制、航天器姿态控制
张可墨(1990—), 女, 工程师, 硕士, 主要研究方向为航天器旋转电传输
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(11972078)

Overview of contactless electromagnetic de-tumbling method for uncooperative space target

Lei DU¹, Zhen CHEN¹, Hengzai HU¹^,*, Qiang ZHANG², Xiangdong LIU¹, Kemo ZHANG²

1. School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2. Beijing Institute of Control Engineering, Beijing 100094, China

Received:2024-01-19 Online:2025-01-21 Published:2025-01-25
Contact: Hengzai HU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

太空中大量残留的空间非合作目标危及在轨运行卫星的安全, 为规避潜在碰撞风险, 采取消旋后再捕获变得尤为重要。针对如何衰减目标的旋转速度, 系统调研国内外非接触式电磁消旋方法。首先, 介绍电磁消旋原理与旋转非合作目标中两种典型的运动形式。其次, 定性地对电磁消旋方法的优势及可行性进行分析。然后, 对非接触式电磁消旋方法进行分类, 从非均匀/均匀静止磁场、机械式/电磁式旋转磁场方面入手, 详细分析最新消旋方法及关键技术。接着, 对消旋转矩的计算方法及相关控制技术进行总结归纳。最后, 展望电磁消旋方法的未来发展方向。

关键词: 空间非合作目标, 非接触式, 电磁消旋方法, 消旋转矩

Abstract:

A large number of residual uncooperative space targets endanger the safety of satellites on-obit. To avoid the potential collision risk, it is particularly important to conduct a de-tumbling operation of the target before capturing. Aiming at how to de-tumble the rotational speed of the targets, the contactless electromagnetic de-tumbling methods at home and abroad are systematically investigated. Firstly, the principle of the electromagnetic de-tumbling and two typical motion forms of rotating uncooperative space targets are introduced. Next, a qualitative analysis is conducted on the advantages and feasibility of this electromagnetic de-tumbling methods. Then, the contactless electromagnetic de-tumbling methods are classified, and the latest de-tumbling methods and key technologies are analyzed in detail from the aspects of non-uniform/uniform static magnetic field and mechanical/electromagnetic rotating magnetic field. Further, the methods of calculating the de-tumbling torque and the related control technologies are sorted out. Finally, the future development direction of the electromagnetic de-tumbling methods is proposed.

Key words: uncooperative space target, contactless, electromagnetic de-tumbling method, de-tumbling torque

中图分类号:

V442

杜磊, 陈振, 户恒在, 张强, 刘向东, 张可墨. 空间非合作目标非接触式电磁消旋方法综述[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(1): 254-267.

Lei DU, Zhen CHEN, Hengzai HU, Qiang ZHANG, Xiangdong LIU, Kemo ZHANG. Overview of contactless electromagnetic de-tumbling method for uncooperative space target[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(1): 254-267.

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结构名称	常用材料	优点	用途
板材、厚板材、拉伸管、挤压管、挤压棒材、型材、锻件、冷加工棒材、柳钉、线材等	铝合金(有色金属)	具有质轻、较高的比强度、成型工艺性及耐蚀性良好、成本低等优点, 铝合金技术是国防科技关键技术及重点发展的基础技术	多级火箭的燃料槽与航天器零件、焊接氧化剂槽、航天器蒙皮、端框、内部承力支架、铝蜂窝夹层面板、直属件等
	钛合金(有色金属)	具有高比强度、耐腐蚀、优良的低温力学性能, 已成为宇航工业中广泛普及的重要结构金属材料	压力容器、仪器绑带、燃料贮箱、紧固件、支撑件、航天器壳体、整流罩球形气瓶、架构等
	镁锂合金(有色金属)	具有超轻、高比强度、高比模量、优异的刚性、良好的导电导热性能电磁屏蔽性与可焊性。若能有效利用丰富的镁资源, 发展高端镁合金产品, 有望成为未来新一代航天装备的备选材料	航天器的防护罩、航天气瓶内衬、电器仪表的框架如计算机设备外壳、线路板盒、人工数据键盘的基板与支架等
	碳纤维等(复合材料)	承担主承力和次承力结构的主要功能。由于具有优异的力学性能和良好的工艺性使其在航天产品中获得广泛应用, 正逐步取代传统金属材料成为主要结构材料	航天器的承力筒、舱体壁板、太阳翼基板、遥感器镜筒、相机支架、天线及其他衍架结构件

电磁消旋方法		优点	缺点/解决办法	适用场景
静止磁场	非均匀磁场	1. 能适应不同大小的目标 2. 对作业距离无要求	存在偏移和排斥效应, 需要两个相对放置装置协同消旋	1. 对于小目标, 对消旋平台形式无要求 2. 对于大目标, 宜采用双星单臂机载消旋平台
静止磁场	均匀磁场	避免偏移和排斥效应, 消旋过程稳定	1. 配置所需磁场条件严苛, 对于大目标不适用, 需要考虑线圈的体积、重量等因素 2. 对姿轨控制提出挑战	1. 适宜近距离处作业 2. 对于小目标, 对消旋平台形式无要求; 对于大目标, 适宜单星单臂
旋转磁场	机械式旋转磁场	电磁消旋装置和旋转目标之间较大的相对速度, 能增大消旋转矩, 有效提高消旋效率	1. 机械动力装置需持续机动, 功耗高 2. 对姿轨控制要求高 3. 目标有反向加速风险	1. 适宜在近距离处作业 2. 适宜消旋小目标或可避开大物理附件的目标
旋转磁场	电磁式旋转磁场	电磁消旋装置和旋转目标之间较大的相对速度, 能增大消旋转矩, 有效提高消旋效率	1. 控制器的存在, 增加了控制系统的复杂性 2. 当旋转磁场与目标转速方向不同时, 需持续观测目标速度, 以防出现反向加速风险	1. 对于消旋装置在目标一侧的结构, 宜消除携带大物理附件的目标 2. 对于线圈在目标周围的结构, 宜消除小目标

空间非合作目标非接触式电磁消旋方法综述

Overview of contactless electromagnetic de-tumbling method for uncooperative space target

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