基于Radon时频分析的海面舰船目标SAR-ISAR混合成像方法

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.01.12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高海情下, 由于海面舰船目标在偏航、俯仰和横滚3个维度的非规则运动引入的高阶相位, 导致机载雷达对海面舰船目标直接进行合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar, SAR)成像时会出现散焦现象。针对此问题, 提出一种基于Radon时频分析的机载海面舰船目标SAR-逆SAR(inverse SAR, ISAR)混合成像方法。首先, 建立了机载海面舰船目标SAR-ISAR混合成像模型, 将海面舰船目标的三轴转动引起的舰船成像模糊问题转化为高阶相位误差的估计问题。然后, 基于Radon时频分析的方法精确估计运动舰船目标的高阶相位信息, 并构造相应的高阶相位因子进行补偿。最后, 基于估计的高阶相位信息对舰船目标进行SAR-ISAR精聚焦成像, 实测数据的处理结果验证了所提方法的有效性。

关键词: 机载雷达, 海面舰船目标, 合成孔径雷达-逆合成孔径雷达混合成像

Abstract:

Under high sea conditions, the irregular motion of ship targets in the three dimensions of yaw, pitch, and roll introduces high-order phase, which leads to defocusing phenomenon when airborne radar directly performs synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging of ship targets on the sea surface. Aiming at this problem, a hybrid imaging method of airborne sea surface ship target SAR-inverse SAR (ISAR) based on Radon time-frequency analysis is proposed. Firstly, a hybrid imaging model of SAR-ISAR for airborne sea surface ship targets is established, which transforms the problem of ship imaging blurring caused by the three-axis rotation of sea surface ship targets into an estimation problem of high-order phase errors. Then, based on Radon time-frequency analysis, the high-order phase information of moving ship targets is accurately estimated, and corresponding high-order phase factors are constructed for compensation. Finally, based on the estimated high-order phase information, the ship target is subjected to SAR-ISAR fine focusing imaging, and the processing results of the measured data verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Key words: airborne radar, sea surface ship target, synthetic aperture radar (SAR)-inverse SAR (ISAR) hybrid imaging

中图分类号:

TN953

陈洪猛, 李军, 刘京, 黄伟, 张英杰, 陈燕, 鲁耀兵. 基于Radon时频分析的海面舰船目标SAR-ISAR混合成像方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(1): 109-116.

Hongmeng CHEN, Jun LI, Jing LIU, Wei HUANG, Yingjie ZHANG, Yan CHEN, Yaobing LU. SAR-ISAR hybrid imaging method for sea surface ship target based on Radon time-frequency analysis[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(1): 109-116.

图/表 8

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

参考文献 29

1	RICHARDS M A . Fundamentals of radar signal processing[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005.
2	邢孟道, 保铮, 王彤, 等. 雷达成像算法进展[M]. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2014.
	XING M D , BAO Z , WANG T , et al. Advances in radar imaging algorithms[M]. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2014.
3	HAJDUCH G , CAILLECJ M L , GARELLO R . Airborne high-resolution ISAR imaging of ship targets at sea[J]. IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2004, 40 (1): 378- 384. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2004.1292177
4	邢孟道, 高悦欣, 陈溅来, 等. 海上舰船目标雷达成像算法[J]. 科技导报, 2017, 35 (20): 53- 60.
	XING M D , GAO Y X , CHEN J L , et al. A survey of the radar imaging algorithms for ship targets on the sea[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2017, 35 (20): 53- 60.
5	汤立波, 李道京, 吴一戎, 等. 海面运动舰船目标的高分辨率SAR成像[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2006, 28 (4): 624- 627.
	TANG L B , LI D J , WU Y R , et al. High resolution SAR imaging of moving ship targets at sea[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2006, 28 (4): 624- 627.
6	王进, 冷祥光, 孙忠镇, 等. 复杂运动舰船目标SAR成像空/时变散焦特性研究[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46 (7): 2237- 2255. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.07.08
	WANG J , LENG X G , SUN Z Z , et al. Study of space/time varying defocus characteristics of complex moving ship targets in SAR imaging[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46 (7): 2237- 2255. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.07.08
7	DOERRY A W. Ship dynamics for maritime ISAR imaging[R]. Albuquerque, New Mexico: Sandia National Laboratory, 2008: 1-32.
8	CAO R , WANG Y , ZHAO B , et al. Ship target imaging in airborne SAR system based on automatic image segmentation and ISAR technique[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2021, 14, 1985- 2000. doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2021.3050108
9	XU X B , SU F L , GAO J J , et al. High-squint SAR imaging of maritime ship targets[J]. IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2022, 60, 5200716.
10	陈小龙, 关键, 黄勇, 等. 雷达低可观测动目标精细化处理及应用[J]. 科技导报, 2017, 35 (20): 19- 27.
	CHEN X L , GUAN J , HUANG Y , et al. Radar refined processing and its applications for low-observable moving target[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2017, 35 (20): 19- 27.
11	SHAO S , LIU H W , ZHANG L , et al. Integration of superresolution ISAR imaging and fine motion compensation for complex maneuvering ship targets under high sea state[J]. IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2022, 60, 5222820.
12	邢孟道, 保铮. 外场实测数据的舰船目标ISAR成像[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2001, 23 (12): 1271- 1277.
	XING M D , BAO Z . ISAR ship imaging of real data[J]. Journal of Electronics and Information Technology, 2001, 23 (12): 1271- 1277.
13	汪玲, 朱岱寅, 朱兆达. 基于SAR实测数据的舰船成像研究[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2007, 29 (2): 401- 404.
	WANG L , ZHU D Y , ZHU Z D . Study on ship imaging using SAR real data[J]. Journal of Electronics and Information Technology, 2007, 29 (2): 401- 404.
14	李亚超, 周峰, 邢孟道, 等. 一种直升机的舰船Dechirp实测数据SAR成像方法[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2007, 29 (8): 1794- 1798.
	LI Y C , ZHOU F , XING M D , et al. An effective method for ship dechirp data imaging in helicopter SAR system[J]. Journal of Electronics and Information Technology, 2007, 29 (8): 1794- 1798.
15	MARTORELLA M , PASTINA D , BERIZZI F , et al. Spaceborne radar imgaing of maritime moving targets with the COSMO-SkyMed SAR system[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations & Remote Sensing, 2014, 7 (7): 2797- 2810.
16	ZHENG J B , SU T , LIAO G S , et al. ISAR imaging for fluctuating ships based on a fast bilinear parameter estimation algorithm[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2015, 8 (8): 3954- 3966. doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2015.2440911
17	HUANG P , XIA X G , ZHAN M , et al. ISAR imaging of a maneuvering target based on parameter estimation of multicomponent cubic phase signals[J]. IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2022, 60, 5103918.
18	MARTORELLA M , BERIZZI F . Time windowing for highly focused ISAR image reconstruction[J]. IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2005, 41 (3): 992- 1007. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2005.1541444
19	汪玲, 朱兆达, 朱岱寅. 机载ISAR舰船侧视和俯视成像时间段选择[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2008, 30 (12): 2835- 2839.
	WANG L , ZHU Z D , ZHU D Y . Interval selections for side-view or top-view imaging of ship targets with airborne ISAR[J]. Journal of Electronics and Information Technology, 2008, 30 (12): 2835- 2839.
20	高悦欣, 李震宇, 邢孟道, 等. 一种海面舰船目标ISAR成像时间段选择方法[J]. 西安电子科技大学学报, 2017, 44 (2): 27- 32. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.02.005
	GAO Y X , LI Z Y , XING M D , et al. New ISAR imaging interval selection method for ship targets on the sea[J]. Journal of Xidian University, 2017, 44 (2): 27- 32. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.02.005
21	CAO R , WANG Y , YE H C , et al. A novel optimal time window determination approach for ISAR imaging of ship targets[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2022, 15, 3475- 3503. doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3161204
22	王勇, 黄鑫. FMCW-ISAR对舰船目标成像脉内补偿方法研究[J]. 雷达学报, 2019, 8 (3): 373- 381.
	WANG Y , HUANG X . Research on in-pulse compensation method for imaging ship targets in FMCW-ISAR[J]. Journal of Radars, 2019, 8 (3): 373- 381.
23	BAI X R, XING M D, ZHOU F, et al. Adaptive S-method based ISAR imaging of maneuvering targets[C]//Proc. of the Asian and Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, 2008: 249-252.
24	王勇, 姜义成. 基于自适应chirplet分解的舰船目标ISAR成像[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2006, 28 (6): 982- 984.
	WANG Y , JIANG Y C . The ISAR imaging of ship based on adaptive chirplet decomposition[J]. Journal of Electronics and Information Technology, 2006, 28 (6): 982- 984.
25	HUANG P H , XIA X G , GAO Y S , et al. Ground moving target refocusing in SAR imagery based on RFRT-FrFT[J]. IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2019, 57 (8): 5476- 5492. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2019.2899728
26	张璘, 姜义成. 基于速度合成孔径雷达的海面舰船动目标成像方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42 (1): 45- 51. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2020.01.07
	ZHANG L , JIANG Y C . Imaging of moving surface ships based on velocity synthetic aperture radar[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2020, 42 (1): 45- 51. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2020.01.07
27	贺翥祯, 李敏, 苟瑶, 等. 改进YOLOv5的合成孔径雷达图像舰船目标检测方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2023, 45 (12): 3743- 3753. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2023.12.04
	HE Z Z , LI M , GOU Y , et al. Method of ship target detection for synthetic aperture rader images based on improved YOLOv5[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 45 (12): 3743- 3753. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2023.12.04
28	DU Y , DU L , GUO Y C , et al. Semisupervised SAR ship detection network via scene characteristic learning[J]. on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2023, 61, 5201517.
29	李悦丽, 李泽森, 王建, 等. 多旋翼无人机载SAR的视线运动误差修正与补偿[J]. 雷达学报, 2022, 11 (6): 1061- 1080.
	LI Y L , LI Z S , WANG J , et al. Modification and compensation of the line-of-sight motion error for multirotor UAV SAR[J]. Journal of Radars, 2022, 11 (6): 1061- 1080.

[1]	王安安, 谢文冲, 王永良. 基于稀疏恢复的双基地机载雷达杂波抑制方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(2): 517-525.
[2]	刘俊, 崔宁, 谢佳昕, 行坤. 基于NSGA-Ⅲ的机载雷达空空射频隐身探测参数设计[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(1): 97-104.
[3]	王安安, 谢文冲, 陈威, 熊元燚, 王永良. 双基地机载雷达杂波和主瓣压制干扰抑制方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2023, 45(3): 699-707.
[4]	李志汇, 唐波, 周青松, 师俊朋, 张剑云. 新体制机载雷达波形优化设计研究综述[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2023, 45(12): 3852-3865.
[5]	熊元燚, 谢文冲. 基于空时约束的自适应迭代单脉冲估计方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(8): 2506-2514.
[6]	孙萍, 汪飞, 窦山岳, 周建江, 陈军. 基于辐射能量缩减约束的双机雷达协同目标跟踪方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43(10): 2851-2859.
[7]	冯阳, 廖桂生, 许京伟. 机载雷达超低空多径目标稳健STAP方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2017, 39(7): 1464-1470.
[8]	高志奇, 陶海红, 赵继超. 基于S变换的机载雷达稳健空时自适应算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2016, 38(6): 1268-1275.
[9]	王璐, 吴仁彪. 直接数据域空时自适应单脉冲方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2016, 38(12): 2738-2744.
[10]	王成浩, 廖桂生, 许京伟, 曾操. 超长基线双基机载雷达空时杂波建模与特性[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2016, 38(10): 2258-2266.
[11]	熊伟, 高霞, 王力, 杨万扣. 基于UML通用性机载雷达仿真器系统建模与仿真[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2015, 37(7): 1536-1542.
[12]	同亚龙，王彤，代保全，吴建新. 基于杂波脊先验信息的非均匀杂波抑制方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2015, 37(5): 1035-1041.
[13]	姜磊，王彤. 机载雷达自适应发射技术抗相干转发式干扰[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2015, 37(4): 789-794.
[14]	姜磊, 王彤. 基于杂波数据Frobenius范数拟合的阵元误差估计方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2015, 37(12): 2713-2718.
[15]	姜磊，王彤. 基于子空间的阵元误差估计方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2014, 36(4): 656-660.