GPU加速下的三维快速分解后向投影SAS成像算法

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.10.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

后向投影(back projection, BP)算法是一种精确的时域成像算法, 但BP算法的计算复杂度高, 难以实现实时性成像, 特别是在考虑三维成像时, BP算法的计算复杂度会进一步增加。提出一种应用在合成孔径声纳(synthetic aperture sonar, SAS)上的三维快速分解BP(fast factorized BP, FFBP)成像算法, 并利用图形处理器(graphics processing unit, GPU)加速三维FFBP算法。经过对点目标的测试, 计算时间从原本的263 s降低到了2.3 s, 解决了SAS中的三维成像实时性问题。同时, 验证了所提算法在非理想航迹下的成像效果。结果表明, 在添加幅度不超过0.1 m(一个波长以内)的正弦扰动时, 所提算法对点目标仍有良好的聚焦效果。

关键词: 快速分解后向投影, 并行计算, 图形处理器, 合成孔径声纳, 三维成像

Abstract:

The back projection (BP) algorithm is an accurate time-domain imaging algorithm, but the high computational complexity of the BP algorithm makes it difficult to achieve real-time imaging. Especially when three-dimensional imaging is considered, the computational complexity of the BP algorithm will further increase. The paper proposes a three-dimensional fast factorized BP (FFBP) imaging algorithm applied to synthetic aperture sonar (SAS), and accelerates the three-dimensional FFBP algorithm using a graphics processing unit (GPU). After testing on point targets, the calculation time is reduced from the original 263 s to 2.3 s, solving the real-time imaging problem in SAS. At the same time, the imaging effect of the proposed algorithm under non-ideal trajectories is verified. The results show that when a sinusoidal disturbance with an amplitude not exceeding 0.1 m (within one wavelength) is added, there is still a good focusing effect on the point target.

Key words: fast factorized back projection (FFBP), parallel computing, graphics processing unit (GPU), synthetic aperture sonar (SAS), three-dimensional imaging

中图分类号:

TN911.7

陶鸿博, 张东升, 黄勇. GPU加速下的三维快速分解后向投影SAS成像算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(10): 3247-3256.

Hongbo TAO, Dongsheng ZHANG, Yong HUANG. Three-dimensional fast factorized back projection SAS imaging algorithm accelerated by GPU[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46(10): 3247-3256.

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声纳参数	数值
波长/m	0.1
信号带宽/kHz	10
采样率/kHz	270
脉冲宽度/s	0.1
船速/(m/s)	2
脉冲重复频率/Hz	5
目标位置/m	(0, 0, 20)
合成孔径长度/m	20

参数	数值
垂直航迹向距离误差ΔR_x	2.0E-3
航迹向距离误差ΔR_y	3.9E-4
父、子孔径间的平均距离误差Δr_mean	6.8E-2
父、子孔径间的最大距离误差Δr_max	6.9E-2

块数/个	每个块中的线程数/个	计算时间/s
16×32×512	1×2×64	0.60
16×64×512	1×1×64	0.62
8×8×512	2×8×64	0.64
8×4×512	2×16×64	错误

块数/个	每个块中的线程数/个	计算时间/s
4	32	1.7
2	64	1.8
1	128	2.4

块数/个	每个块中的线程数/个	计算时间/s
128×64×2	1×2×64	2.80
64×32×2	2×4×64	2.85
128×128×4	1×1×32	2.78